Legal Implications of Extension of Time in Power Plant Construction Projects: A Comparative Study of FIDIC and Indonesian Law
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37276/sjss.v6i2.565Kata Kunci:
Concurrent Delay, Dewan Sengketa, FIDIC Silver Book, Klausul Pembatasan Waktu, Perpanjangan WaktuAbstrak
Sengketa terkait perpanjangan waktu (EoT) dalam proyek Rekayasa, Pengadaan, dan Konstruksi (EPC) ketenagalistrikan sering kali bereskalasi akibat pertentangan norma. Pertentangan ini terjadi antara klausul pembatasan waktu (time-bar) dalam standar kontrak internasional FIDIC yang bersifat pertanggungjawaban mutlak dengan asas kepatutan dalam hukum perdata Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis validitas penerapan klausul time-bar ditinjau dari asas itikad baik, mengkualifikasi karakteristik keterlambatan yang dapat dimaafkan (excusable delay) pada situasi keterlambatan bersamaan (concurrent delay), serta merekonstruksi mekanisme penyelesaian sengketa yang efektif. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, perbandingan, dan studi kasus empiris pada proyek pembangkit listrik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan sanksi pengguguran hak klaim akibat keterlambatan notifikasi administrasi memiliki kekuatan mengikat bersyarat. Ketentuan tersebut dapat dikesampingkan apabila terbukti adanya pelanggaran prinsip pencegahan (prevention principle) oleh Pengguna Jasa. Lebih lanjut, dalam situasi concurrent delay, hukum nasional menghendaki penerapan prinsip pembagian tanggung jawab (apportionment principle) secara proporsional. Penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa optimalisasi Dewan Sengketa Tetap (SDB) sesuai Permen PUPR Nomor 11 Tahun 2021 merupakan instrumen preventif yang lebih efektif dibandingkan arbitrase dalam menjaga likuiditas arus kas proyek. Disimpulkan bahwa harmonisasi hukum melalui interpretasi kontrak yang teleologis dan penguatan regulasi eksekutorial Dewan Sengketa mutlak diperlukan. Implikasi dari temuan ini menuntut para pemangku kepentingan untuk merevisi syarat-syarat khusus kontrak guna mengakomodasi fleksibilitas administratif yang berkeadilan demi menjamin kepastian hukum dan keberlanjutan infrastruktur strategis nasional.
Unduhan
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