Implementation of Legal Principles in Construction Service Agreements: A Normative Study
Abstract
Construction service contracts, as crucial legal instruments in infrastructure development, require a strong foundation of civil law principles. This research aims to normatively examine the application of civil law principles in construction service contracts, integrating the perspectives of the Civil Code and Law Number 2 of 2017. This normative legal research employs statute, conceptual, and philosophical approaches, as well as teleological and sociological analyses. The research findings indicate that formal principles, such as freedom of contract, consensualism, good faith, privity, and fair competition, form the foundation for the validity of contracts. Meanwhile, substantive principles, such as pacta sunt servanda, reasonableness, custom, balance, equality, partnership, and deliberation to reach a consensus (musyawarah mufakat), determine the substance of a fair and sustainable contract. However, teleological and sociological analyses reveal complex dynamics in their application. Unequal bargaining power, standard clauses, discrimination, and short-term orientations hinder the optimal realization of these principles. Therefore, synergy among stakeholders is needed to increase legal awareness, strengthen regulations, enforce business ethics, and revitalize local wisdom values so that legal objectives can contribute to achieving state goals.
Downloads
References
The 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. https://peraturan.go.id/id/uud-1945
Bukit, J., Warka, M., & Nasution, K. (2018). Eksistensi Asas Keseimbangan pada Kontrak Konsumen di Indonesia. DIH: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, 14(28), 24-32. https://doi.org/10.30996/dih.v0i0.1788
Colonial Regulations, Staatsblad Number 23 of 1847 on the Burgerlijk Wetboek voor Indonesie/the Civil Code. https://jdih.mahkamahagung.go.id/legal-product/kitab-undang-undang-hukum-perdata/detail
Fredella, F. B., & Widiyastuti, Y. S. M. (2022). Kontrak Kerja Konstruksi Pembangunan Gedung GMB Ditinjau Berdasarkan Red Book FIDIC. Jurnal Yustika: Media Hukum dan Keadilan, 25(2), 65-79. https://doi.org/10.24123/yustika.v25i02.5229
Government Regulation in Lieu of Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 2 of 2022 on Job Creation (State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia of 2022 Number 238, Supplement to the State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 6841). https://peraturan.go.id/id/perppu-no-2-tahun-2022
Haryani, D., & Anjani, Z. (2023). The Importance of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) Principles in Public Works and Housing Infrastructure. Journal of Infrastructure Policy and Management (JIPM), 6(1), 15-31. https://doi.org/10.35166/jipm.6.1.15-31
Indahwati, A. N., Sami’an, S., & Hardjomuljadi, S. (2025). Arbitration in Resolving Construction Cost Claim Disputes Due to Time Extensions: A Study of Contract Law in Indonesia. SIGn Jurnal Hukum, 6(2), 263-281. https://doi.org/10.37276/sjh.v6i2.388
Irwansyah. (2021). Penelitian Hukum: Pilihan Metode & Praktik Penulisan Artikel, Revision Edition. Mirra Buana Media.
Ismaryadi, H., Khairani, K., & Mannas, Y. A. (2023). Implementasi Asas Itikad Baik dalam Pemberian Kesempatan Penyelesaian Pekerjaan Pengadaan Barang Jasa Pemerintah. Unes Journal of Swara Justisia, 7(2), 680-694. https://doi.org/10.31933/ujsj.v7i2.363
Junaedi, J., Saputro, A., & Sami’an, S. (2025). Challenges in Electrical Infrastructure Permitting: A Case Study of Substation Development in South Sumatra. SIGn Jurnal Hukum, 6(2), 313-327. https://doi.org/10.37276/sjh.v6i2.393
Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 2 of 2017 on Construction Service (State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia of 2017 Number 11, Supplement to the State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 6018). https://jdih.dpr.go.id/setjen/detail-dokumen/tipe/uu/id/1687
Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 6 of 2023 on Enactment of Government Regulation in Lieu of Law Number 2 of 2022 on Job Creation Into Law (State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia of 2023 Number 41, Supplement to the State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 6856). https://jdih.dpr.go.id/setjen/detail-dokumen/tipe/uu/id/1825
Maddeppungeng, A., Intari, D. E., & Oktafiani, A. (2019). Studi Faktor Penyebab Keterlambatan Proyek Konstruksi Studi Kasus Proyek Pembangunan 6 Ruas Jalan Tol dalam Kota Jakarta. Jurnal Konstruksia, 11(1), 89-96. https://doi.org/10.24853/jk.11.1.89-96
Manery, B. D. (2017). Makna dan Fungsi Itikad Baik dalam Kontrak Kerja Konstruksi. Sasi, 23(2), 136-148. https://doi.org/10.47268/sasi.v23i2.101
Mangapeng, G., Lasut, M. M., & Mambu, J. G. Z. (2015). Pengaturan Klausula Baku dalam Hukum Perjanjian untuk Mencapai Keadilan Berkontrak. Law Reform, 11(1), 74-84. https://doi.org/10.14710/lr.v11i1.15757
Pangaribuan, T. M. P. (2023). Permasalahan Penerapan Klausula Pembatasan Pertanggungjawaban dalam Perjanjian Terkait Hak Menuntut Ganti Kerugian Akibat Wanprestasi. Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan, 49(2), 443-454. https://doi.org/10.21143/jhp.vol49.no2.2012
Purwanto, D., Bahar, U., & Suhartini, E. (2020). Optimalisasi Perlindungan Hukum Tenaga Kerja dalam Aspek Keselamatan Kerja pada Proyek Konstruksi di Wilayah Bogor. Jurnal Ilmiah Living Law, 12(1), 41-53. https://doi.org/10.30997/jill.v12i1.2527
Qamar, N., & Rezah, F. S. (2020). Metode Penelitian Hukum: Doktrinal dan Non-Doktrinal. CV. Social Politic Genius (SIGn).
Rahmiko, E., Saputro, A., & Sami’an, S. (2025). Legal Dynamics in the Permitting Process for Extra High Voltage Overhead Line Development in South Sumatra. SIGn Jurnal Hukum, 6(2), 328-342. https://doi.org/10.37276/sjh.v6i2.394
Sampara, S., & Husen, L. O. (2016). Metode Penelitian Hukum. Kretakupa Print.
Savelyev, A. (2017). Contract Law 2.0: ‘Smart’ Contracts as the Beginning of the End of Classic Contract Law. Information & Communications Technology Law, 26(2), 116-134. https://doi.org/10.1080/13600834.2017.1301036
Sebastian, R. R., Wisatrioda, B., Sami’an, S., & Hardjomuljadi, S. (2025). Resolving Construction Disputes through Negotiation: A Case Study of Amendments to the Environmental Impact Assessment for an Electricity Infrastructure Project. SIGn Jurnal Hukum, 6(2), 282-295. https://doi.org/10.37276/sjh.v6i2.389
Sinaga, N. A. (2019). Perjanjian Pengadaan Barang/Jasa Pemerintah Kaitannya dengan Asas Keseimbangan dalam Hukum Perjanjian. Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum Dirgantara, 9(2), 1-52. https://doi.org/10.35968/jh.v9i2.352
Sinaga, N. A., & Zaluchu, T. (2017). Peranan Asas Keseimbangan dalam Mewujudkan Tujuan Perjanjian. Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum Dirgantara, 8(1), 38-56. https://doi.org/10.35968/jh.v8i1.137
Sodik, M. F., Rofiqi, I., & Jasuli, D. (2021). Hukum Perjanjian dan Penyelenggaraan Jasa Konstruksi. Jurnal Ilmiah MITSU (Media Informasi Teknik Sipil Universitas Wiraraja), 9(1), 39-46. https://doi.org/10.24929/ft.v9i1.1016
Steinbach, A. (2016). The Trend towards Non-Consensualism in Public International Law: A (Behavioural) Law and Economics Perspective. European Journal of International Law, 27(3), 643-668. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejil/chw031
Sumantri, M. F. A., Sami’an, S., & Hardjomuljadi, S. (2025). Concurrent Delay and Price Adjustment in Multi-Year Contracts: An Indonesian Construction Law Perspective. SIGn Jurnal Hukum, 6(2), 343-367. https://doi.org/10.37276/sjh.v6i2.399
Susanto, W., Sandika, H., & Hutagalung, A. J. P. (2021). Penerapan Asas Proporsionalitas dalam Kontrak Komersial pada Jasa Konstruksi. Jurnal Ilmiah Penegakan Hukum, 8(2), 193-201. https://doi.org/10.31289/jiph.v8i2.5675
Ustmani, Z., Rachman, A. H., Salsabila, A. I., Harahap, A. M., & A’la, R. F. (2023). Kegagalan Pemerintah dan Sikap Pengadilan atas Penerapan Asas Perlakuan yang Sama dalam Pengadaan Barang/Jasa. Mimbar Hukum, 35(1), 59-83. https://doi.org/10.22146/mh.v35i1.4747
Wisatrioda, B., Sebastian, R. R., Sami’an, S., & Hardjomuljadi, S. (2025). Resolving Hydropower Plant Construction Disputes through a Standing Dispute Board: A Case Study of Asahan 3 HEPP. SIGn Jurnal Hukum, 6(2), 296-312. https://doi.org/10.37276/sjh.v6i2.392
Wisnuaji, H., Sami’an, S., & Hardjomuljadi, S. (2025). Interpretation of Schedule When Changes in Conditions: A Case Study of Price Adjustment in the Lampung Extra High Voltage Overhead Line Construction Contract. SIGn Jurnal Hukum, 6(2), 368-385. https://doi.org/10.37276/sjh.v6i2.400
Yanuar, R., Saputro, A., & Sami’an, S. (2025). Sustainability of Infrastructure Development in Indonesia: A Legal Analysis of Price Adjustments in Construction Contracts. SIGn Jurnal Hukum, 6(2), 247-262. https://doi.org/10.37276/sjh.v6i2.385
Copyright (c) 2025 Jaka Adiprasetya Wiraantaka, S. Sami’an, Sarwono Hardjomuljadi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
