The Effectiveness of Public Policy in the Management of Sustainable Marine Culinary Tourism
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37276/sjss.v6i1.528Kata Kunci:
Kebijakan Publik, Pemberdayaan Masyarakat, Sistem Sosio-Ekologis, Tata Kelola Kolaboratif, Wisata Kuliner BahariAbstrak
Pengelolaan wisata kuliner bahari di Kabupaten Bulukumba menghadapi paradoks fundamental antara imperatif konservasi ekologis dan tuntutan pertumbuhan ekonomi pariwisata. Kegagalan untuk menyeimbangkan kedua aspek tersebut mengindikasikan adanya persoalan yang lebih dalam dari sekadar implementasi kebijakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis secara kritis efektivitas kebijakan publik dalam pengelolaan wisata kuliner bahari berkelanjutan. Fokus analisis diarahkan pada akar kegagalan yang terletak pada governance deficit. Menggunakan pendekatan studi kasus kualitatif, data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam dengan pemangku kepentingan kunci. Pemangku kepentingan ini meliputi unsur pemerintah, pelaku UMKM, komunitas nelayan, dan aktivis lingkungan, serta diperkuat dengan analisis dokumen kebijakan. Hasil penelitian menyingkap bahwa kegagalan kebijakan berakar pada governance deficit yang sistemik. Hal ini termanifestasi dalam tiga bentuk: (1) paradoks kebijakan yang menciptakan konflik normatif di tataran regulasi; (2) implementation gap di mana program pemberdayaan ekonomi berjalan parsial, bersifat karitatif, dan buta ekologi; serta (3) marginalisasi aktor-aktor lokal akibat dominasi pendekatan dari atas ke bawah (top-down) yang eksklusif. Disimpulkan bahwa solusi tidak terletak pada penambahan regulasi, melainkan pada rekonfigurasi fundamental model tata kelola. Oleh karena itu, direkomendasikan pergeseran paradigma dari pemerintah (government) yang hierarkis menuju tata kelola (governance) yang kolaboratif. Model ini menempatkan partisipasi publik substantif dan pengawasan berbasis komunitas sebagai pilar utama untuk mewujudkan pariwisata bahari yang adil, inklusif, dan berkelanjutan.
Unduhan
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