The Split-Ticket Voting Phenomenon: Analyzing Internal Voter Factors in the Central–Provincial House of Representatives Election
Abstract
This research aims to analyze the phenomenon of split-ticket voting in the Central–Provincial House of Representatives election of 2019 in Makassar City based on internal voter factors. This research uses an inductive qualitative analysis. Inductive analysis is an approach that begins with field facts, analyzes them based on relevant theories and arguments, and ultimately yields a conclusion. The results show that voters demonstrated a rational or strategic approach to ticket-splitting in the Central–Provincial House of Representatives election 2019 in Makassar City. Four significant internal factors influence this phenomenon. The strength of the partisanship factor indicates that voters tend to assess candidates for the Central–Provincial House of Representatives based on individual character and achievements rather than political party loyalty. Furthermore, incumbency information reveals voters’ pragmatic behavior based on rational choices to gain personal benefits. On the other hand, the strategic/policy balancing factor shows the significant influence of non-positional candidate characteristics in voter decisions. Finally, campaigns and socialization play a crucial role through strategic coordination among candidates for the Central–Provincial House of Representatives, political nodes, and voters, emphasizing the importance of narratives constructed through direct interactions and political gossip in securing voter support. Therefore, it is recommended that candidates for the Central–Provincial House of Representatives from the same political party enhance collaboration and coordination to create straight-ticket voting for their voters. Meanwhile, it is essential for political nodes to strengthen coordination that prioritizes transparency and integrity in conveying information. On the other hand, voters should be encouraged to actively seek information about candidates’ track records and policies to make decisions based more on substantial judgment than the influence of political gossip or short-term incentives. These steps are expected to reduce the phenomenon of split-ticket voting in the simultaneous elections for the coming period in Makassar City.
Downloads
References
Aylott, N., & Bolin, N. (2021). Conflicts and Coronations: Analysing Leader Selection in European Political Parties. In N. Aylott & N. Bolin (Eds.), Managing Leader Selection in European Political Parties (pp. 1-18). Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55000-4_1
Basri, H. (2021). Strategi Komunikasi Politik DPD Partai Golkar pada Pemilu Legislatif Aceh Tengah 2019. Interaksi: Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi, 10(1), 22-32. https://doi.org/10.14710/interaksi.10.1.22-32
Bruno, V. A., & Downes, J. F. (2023). The Radicalisation of the Italian Mainstream: Populist Radical Right Parties and Extreme Right-Wing Movements in Italy (2012–2022). In K. Kondor & M. Littler (Eds.), the Routledge Handbook of Far-Right Extremism in Europe (pp. 129-144). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003256892-13
Cantoni, E., Gazzè, L., & Schafer, J. (2021). Turnout in Concurrent Elections: Evidence from Two Quasi-Experiments in Italy. European Journal of Political Economy, 70, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2021.102035
Chou, W., Dancygier, R., Egami, N., & Jamal, A. A. (2021). Competing for Loyalists? How Party Positioning Affects Populist Radical Right Voting. Comparative Political Studies, 54(12), 2226-2260. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414021997166
Cox, G. W. (1999). Electoral Rules and Electoral Coordination. Annual Review of Political Science, 2, 145-161. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.polisci.2.1.145
Cunow, S., Desposato, S., Janusz, A., & Sells, C. (2021). Less is more: The Paradox of Choice in Voting Behavior. Electoral Studies, 69, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2020.102230
Darkwa, S. K. (2019). A Coordination-Based Approach to Subnational Variations in Split-Ticket Voting: The Case of Ghana 1996-2016 [Dissertation, West Virginia University]. Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports. https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd/4065
Downs, A. (1957). An Economic Theory of Democracy. Harper & Row.
Gaivoronsky, Y. (2023). Strategic Coordination in the 2021 Russian Legislative Election: Effects and Counterbalances. Russian Politics, 8(3), 283-304. https://doi.org/10.30965/24518921-00803001
General Election Commission of Makassar Municipal. (2019, 21 December). Legislative Election of 2019. https://kota-makassar.kpu.go.id/web/pileg-2019
Gorelkina, O., Grypari, I., & Hengel, E. (2023). The Theory of Straight Ticket Voting. Social Choice and Welfare, 60, 365-381. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00355-022-01418-2
Gschwend, T., & Kolk, H. v. d. (2006). Split Ticket Voting in Mixed Member Proportional Systems: The Hypothetical Case of the Netherlands. Acta Politica, 41, 163-179. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.ap.5500150
Husen, L. O., Muzakkir, A. K., & Nasirah, N. (2022). The Dispute of the Simultaneous Village Head Election: A Case Study in North Luwu Regency. Al-Ishlah: Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum, 25(1), 63-81. https://doi.org/10.56087/aijih.v25i1.362
Jati, W. R. (2022). Comparative Analysis of Clientelistic Democracy in India and Indonesia: Outcomes and Challenges. Politik Indonesia: Indonesian Political Science Review, 7(1), 69-82. https://doi.org/10.15294/ipsr.v7i1.38487
Jenke, L., & Huettel, S. A. (2020). Voter Preferences Reflect a Competition Between Policy and Identity. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.566020
Kim, K.-H. (2023). Valence Characteristics and Split-Ticket Voting of Partisan Voters. Korean Economic Review, 39(2), 517-539. https://doi.org/10.22841/kerdoi.2023.39.2.008
Marua, A., & Muzakkir, A. K. (2023). Fajar.co.id Political Reporting: A Study on Editorial Policy Related to the Makassar Mayoral Election. SIGn Journal of Social Science, 3(2), 75-87. https://doi.org/10.37276/sjss.v3i2.324
Mazzoleni, O., & Heinisch, R. (2023). Party Change beyond the ‘Classical Models?’ The Role of Agency, Context, and Democracy. In N. Carter, et al. (Eds.), The Routledge Handbook of Political Parties (pp. 9-19). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429263859-3
Moskowitz, D. J. (2021). Local News, Information, and the Nationalization of U.S. Elections. American Political Science Review, 115(1), 114-129. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055420000829
Muhtamar, S., & Bachmid, F. (2022). Constitutionality and Ideology in the Electoral System: Pancasila’s Moral Interpretation on the Proportional Representation System. SIGn Jurnal Hukum, 3(2), 201-220. https://doi.org/10.37276/sjh.v3i2.227
Muzakkir, A. K. (2022). Split-Ticket Voting pada Pemilihan Umum Legislatif DPR RI – DPRD Provinsi Tahun 2019 di Kota Makassar = Split-Ticket Voting in Legislative General Election of the House of Representatives of the Republic of Indonesia – the Provincial House of Representatives of 2019 in Makassar City [Magister Thesis, Universitas Hasanuddin]. Repository Universitas Hasanuddin. http://repository.unhas.ac.id/id/eprint/13454
Muzakkir, A. K., Alhamid, M., & Kambo, G. A. (2021). Pembatalan Pembahasan Rancangan Undang-Undang tentang Penyelenggaraan Pemilihan Umum dan Keterkaitannya pada Pemilihan Umum Tahun 2024. Pleno Jure, 10(1), 54-67. https://doi.org/10.37541/plenojure.v10i1.560
Muzakkir, A. K., Alhamid, M., & Kambo, G. A. (2023). Split-Ticket Voting in Strategic Coordination Approach to General Election of Provincial – City House of Representatives of 2019 in Rappocini Sub-District, Makassar City. In Hasanuddin Conference on Social and Political Sciences (HICOSPOS) 2021 (pp. 8-14). Sciendo. https://doi.org/10.2478/9788366675667-002
Nagao, H., & Kennedy, J. J. (2021). The Rite to Vote: Community Interactions and Grassroots Voter Participation in China. Journal of Chinese Political Science, 26, 613-630. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11366-021-09748-1
Neuman, W. L. (2003). Metodologi Penelitian Sosial: Pendekatan Kualitatif dan Kuantitatif (Trans. by E. T. Sofia). PT. Indeks.
Okeke, G. S. M., & Nwali, U. (2020). Campaign Funding Laws and the Political Economy of Money Politics in Nigeria. Review of African Political Economy, 47(164), 238-255. https://doi.org/10.1080/03056244.2019.1699043
Oshri, O., Harsgor, L., Itzkovitch-Malka, R., & Tuttnauer, O. (2023). Risk Aversion and the Gender Gap in the Vote for Populist Radical Right Parties. American Journal of Political Science, 67(3), 701-717. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12696
Persson, S. (2020). Exploring Split Ticket Voting Motives (Swedish National Election Studies Program Report Series 2020: 14). University of Gothenburg, Department of Political Science. https://www.gu.se/sites/default/files/2021-08/2020%2014%20Persson.pdf
Plescia, C. (2017). On the Mismeasurement of Sincere and Strategic Voting in Mixed-Member Electoral Systems. Electoral Studies, 48, 19-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2017.05.003
Qodari, M. (2016). Split-Ticket Voting dan Faktor-Faktor yang Menjelaskannya pada Pemilu Legislatif dan Pemilu Presiden Indonesia Tahun 2014 [Dissertation, Universitas Gadjah Mada]. Repository Universitas Gadjah Mada. https://etd.repository.ugm.ac.id/penelitian/detail/91723
Riera, P., & Cantú, F. (2022). Electoral Systems and Ideological Voting. European Political Science Review, 14(4), 463-481. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755773922000248
Septiadi, M. A., Salsabilla, A., Bernadib, B., & Nugraha, L. (2021). The Imperative Power of Election Law on Money Politics. Soshum: Jurnal Sosial dan Humaniora, 11(2), 112-119. https://dx.doi.org/10.31940/soshum.v11i2.2480
Setiyawan, W., & Mashdurohatun, A. (2021). The Reforming of Money Politics Cases in Election Law as Corruption Crime. Law Development Journal, 3(3), 621-629. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/ldj.3.3.621-629
Silvester, J., Wyatt, M., III, B. P. E., & Ferris, G. R. (2021). Candidate Effects on Election Outcomes: Political Skill, Campaign Efficacy, and Intentions in a British General Election. Applied Psychology, 70(4), 1628-1668. https://doi.org/10.1111/apps.12292
Stumpf, P. B. (2020). Strategic Split-Ticket Voting in Mixed Electoral Systems: The Cases of Germany, Hungary, and Lithuania. International Journal of Political Activism and Engagement (IJPAE), 7(2), 47-67. https://doi.org/10.4018/IJPAE.20200401.oa
Whitney, F. L. (1960). The Elements of Research. Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Wono, H. Y., Masrur, M., Purnomo, F., & Arviana, S. (2022). Pragmatisme Partai Nasional Demokrat dalam Sistem Pemilu Terbuka. JcommSci (Journal of Media and Communication Science), 5(1), 41-53. https://doi.org/10.29303/jcommsci.v5i1.155
Woods, L. T. (2022). How Do People React When They Can’t Vote How They Want? The Relationship between the Public and Democratic Institutions [Dissertation, University of Michigan]. Deep Blue Repositories. https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/handle/2027.42/174311
Copyright (c) 2023 Abd. Kahar Muzakkir, Ummi Suci Fathia Bailusy
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
