A Dual-Track Asset Recovery Model: Optimizing the Posthumous Forfeiture of Corruption Proceeds
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37276/sjh.v8i1.700Kata Kunci:
Gugatan Keperdataan Negara, Hasil Tindak Pidana Korupsi, Pemulihan Aset Jalur Ganda, Perampasan Aset Tanpa Pemidanaan, Perampasan PascakematianAbstrak
Transisi hukum positif nasional pascapemberlakuan Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 dan Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2025 menimbulkan ketidakselarasan dogmatik akibat pengabaian legislatif dalam penentuan status hukum barang bukti ketika penuntutan pidana personal (in personam) dinyatakan gugur demi hukum karena kematian tersangka tindak pidana korupsi. Kelemahan normatif tersebut diperkuat oleh keterbatasan inheren sistem berurutan dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 31 Tahun 1999. Dalam sistem tersebut, gugatan keperdataan oleh Jaksa Pengacara Negara baru dapat diaktifkan setelah proses pidana dihentikan atau tidak dapat dilanjutkan, sehingga menimbulkan penyusutan nilai aset dan rentang waktu yang memungkinkan pengalihan hasil tindak pidana korupsi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan konseptual sebagai pendekatan utama dan pendekatan perundang-undangan sebagai pendekatan pendukung melalui analisis kualitatif preskriptif. Hasil penelitian menawarkan rekonstruksi paradigma menuju sistem paralel-simultan melalui model pemulihan aset jalur ganda. Melalui model ini, pemeriksaan status kebendaan (in rem) dapat berjalan secara mandiri tanpa bergantung pada status hukum pihak yang menjadi subjek penuntutan pidana. Model ini memperkuat perlindungan hukum yang seimbang dan proses hukum yang adil dengan menerapkan standar pembuktian keseimbangan kemungkinan. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan percepatan pengesahan Rancangan Undang-Undang tentang Perampasan Aset, amendemen terbatas terhadap Undang-Undang Nomor 31 Tahun 1999 dan Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2025, serta pembentukan pusat pemulihan aset terpadu untuk mengoptimalkan perampasan hasil tindak pidana korupsi pascakematian tersangka dan memulihkan kepercayaan publik terhadap penegakan hukum.
Unduhan
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