Normative Reconstruction of Asset Forfeiture: A Legal Pathway Following Demise of Corruption Suspects

Penulis

  • Anang Suhartono Universitas Kristen Indonesia, Indonesia
  • Hulman Panjaitan Universitas Kristen Indonesia, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37276/sjh.v7i2.511

Kata Kunci:

Hak Ahli Waris, Kematian Tersangka, Korupsi, Perampasan Aset Tanpa Pemidanaan, Rekonstruksi Hukum

Abstrak

Kematian tersangka korupsi sebelum putusan pengadilan berkekuatan hukum tetap menciptakan sebuah paradoks yuridis fundamental yang melumpuhkan sistem peradilan pidana Indonesia. Di satu sisi, negara kehilangan instrumen untuk memulihkan kerugian akibat paradigma perampasan aset yang bergantung pada putusan pemidanaan (conviction-based). Di sisi lain, aset sitaan terperangkap dalam ketidakpastian, mencederai rasa keadilan publik sekaligus mengancam hak keperdataan para ahli waris. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis secara kritis kekosongan norma (rechtsvacuüm) tersebut dan, sebagai puncaknya, merumuskan sebuah rekonstruksi hukum sebagai hukum yang dicita-citakan (ius constituendum) yang konkret dan dapat diimplementasikan. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif yang didukung pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan perbandingan kritis, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa kebuntuan yuridis saat ini secara diametral bertentangan dengan tiga nilai dasar hukum Radbruch—keadilan, kepastian, dan kemanfaatan. Sebagai solusi, penelitian ini menggagas titik balik paradigma menuju model perampasan aset tanpa pemidanaan (NCB asset forfeiture). Model ini dioperasionalkan melalui sebuah cetak biru prosedural berupa gugatan perdata khusus. Berdasarkan sintesis kritis atas praktik internasional, dirancanglah sebuah model hibrida bernama Pemeriksaan Status Aset Berbasis Keperdataan yang mengadopsi fleksibilitas tradisi civil law namun tetap menjamin proses hukum yang adil (due process of law). Hasil akhirnya adalah formulasi norma konkret yang mampu mendamaikan kepentingan negara dalam pemulihan aset dengan perlindungan hak asasi manusia, sekaligus menawarkan sebuah langkah progresif dalam pembaruan hukum acara pidana di Indonesia.

Unduhan

Data unduhan tidak tersedia.

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Diterbitkan

2025-10-14

Cara Mengutip

Suhartono, A., & Panjaitan, H. (2025). Normative Reconstruction of Asset Forfeiture: A Legal Pathway Following Demise of Corruption Suspects. SIGn Jurnal Hukum, 7(2), 682-707. https://doi.org/10.37276/sjh.v7i2.511

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