Konsekuensi Hukum bagi Debt Collector yang Melampaui Kewenangan: Studi Kasus PT Mega Central Finance Bagan Batu
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37276/sjh.v6i2.370Kata Kunci:
Debitur, Debt Collector, Kredit Macet, Kreditur, Perusahaan PembiayaanAbstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kewenangan debt collector dari perspektif hukum perdata, dengan fokus pada studi kasus PT Mega Central Finance Bagan Batu. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut, penelitian ini menggunakan metode gabungan field research dan normatif, di mana data yang terkumpul dianalisis secara kualitatif guna mendeskripsikan masalah dan menjawab tujuan penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa permasalahan kredit macet mendorong perusahaan pembiayaan untuk melibatkan jasa debt collector dalam mengoptimalkan proses penagihan. Sedangkan debt collector harus memiliki sertifikasi kompetensi dan bertindak berdasarkan surat kuasa khusus dari perusahaan pembiayaan, sebagaimana diatur dalam Peraturan OJK Nomor 35/POJK.05/2018 dan Pasal 1795 KUHPerdata. PT Mega Central Finance Bagan Batu, meskipun telah menyusun prosedur standar operasional penagihan, masih menemukan praktik debt collector yang menyimpang dan merugikan debitur, seperti intimidasi, ancaman, dan perampasan barang jaminan tanpa prosedur hukum. Tindakan tersebut melanggar hak-hak debitur dan prinsip-prinsip hukum. Konsekuensi dan implikasi hukumnya mencakup ranah hukum pidana, hukum perdata, hukum perlindungan konsumen, serta sanksi administratif dari OJK.
Unduhan
Referensi
Akifah, K. (2022). Execution of Fiduciary Guarantee on the Motor Vehicle Financing Agreement. Indonesia Private Law Review, 3(2), 119-128. https://doi.org/10.25041/iplr.v3i2.2783
Anugrahadi, A. (2023, February 21). Buntut Mobil Ditarik Debt Collector, Selebgram Clara Shinta Lapor Polda Metro Jaya. Liputan6.com. Retrieved September 18, 2024, from https://www.liputan6.com/news/read/5212605/buntut-mobil-ditarik-debt-collector-selebgram-clara-shinta-lapor-polda-metro-jaya
Auliandi, R., & Simanjuntak, M. H. (2020). Defaults in Credit Agreements: How Are They Settled? Unnes Law Journal: Jurnal Hukum Universitas Negeri Semarang, 6(1), 143-162. https://doi.org/10.15294/ulj.v5i2.23514
Colonial Regulations, Staatsblad Number 23 of 1847 on the Burgerlijk Wetboek voor Indonesie/the Civil Code. https://jdih.mahkamahagung.go.id/legal-product/kitab-undang-undang-hukum-perdata/detail
Dwipa, A. N. (2024). Criminal Acts in the Process of Online Loan Collection. Eduvest: Journal of Universal Studies, 4(11), 9968-9978. https://doi.org/10.59188/eduvest.v4i11.1579
Elfaki, K. E., Handoyo, R. D., & Ibrahim, K. H. (2021). The Impact of Industrialization, Trade Openness, Financial Development, and Energy Consumption on Economic Growth in Indonesia. Economies, 9(4), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies9040174
Febriana, A., Sudarwanto, A. S., & Maharani, A. E. P. (2023). Legal Problems the Implementation of Credit Agreements with Fiduciary Guarantees. International Journal of Educational Research & Social Sciences, 4(1), 234-239. https://doi.org/10.51601/ijersc.v4i1.582
Ferretti, F. (2021). Peer-to-Peer Lending and EU Credit Laws: A Creditworthiness Assessment, Credit-Risk Analysis or … Neither of the Two? German Law Journal, 22(1), 102-121. https://doi.org/10.1017/glj.2020.100
Gadjong, A. A. (2023). The Agreement of Personal Shopping Service through E-Commerce Platforms: A Case Study of Consumer Protection. SIGn Jurnal Hukum, 4(2), 388-401. https://doi.org/10.37276/sjh.v4i2.230
Hapsari, D. R. I., & Kurniawan, K. D. (2020). Consumer Protection in the Banking Credit Agreement in Accordance with the Principle of Proportionality under Indonesian Laws. Fiat Justisia: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, 14(4), 337-352. https://doi.org/10.25041/fiatjustisia.v14no4.1884
Herdiansyah, M. F., & Himawan, K. K. (2022). Escaping the “Devil’s Trap”: Exploring the Role of Online Social Support for Fintech Lending’s Over‐Indebted Indonesian Customers. International Social Science Journal, 72(245), 769-785. https://doi.org/10.1111/issj.12348
Herdin, J. T., & Putra, M. F. M. (2022). Analysis of the Impact of the Decision of the Constitutional Court Number 2/PUU-XIX/2021 on Fiduciary Guarantee in Batam. Awang Long Law Review, 5(1), 88-93. https://doi.org/10.56301/awl.v5i1.537
Hirwansyah, H., & Ambuwaru, J. H. (2023). Legal Protection for Creditors Regarding Default and Unilateral Transfer of Fiduciary Guarantee Vehicles Based on the Principle of Justice. Journal of World Science, 2(1), 32-45. https://doi.org/10.58344/jws.v2i1.197
Hohnen, P., & Hansen, A. R. (2021). Credit Consumption and Financial Risk Among Danish Households— A Register-Based Study of the Distribution of Bank and Credit Card Debt. Journal of Consumer Policy, 44(2), 311-328. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10603-021-09485-1
Irwansyah. (2021). Penelitian Hukum: Pilihan Metode & Praktik Penulisan Artikel (Revision Edition). Mirra Buana Media.
Johan, S. (2022). Financial Technology Company’s Debt Collection Method: A Legal Aspect. Unnes Law Journal: Jurnal Hukum Universitas Negeri Semarang, 8(1), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.15294/ulj.v7i1.52173
Kusumaningrum, Y. D., Amrullah, M. A., & Susanti, D. O. (2023). Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Korporasi Terhadap Pengguna Jasa Debt Collector dalam Melakukan Penagihan Pinjaman Online yang Berimplikasi Tindak Pidana. Equivalent: Jurnal Ilmiah Sosial Teknik, 5(2), 146-164. https://doi.org/10.59261/jequi.v5i2.152
Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 1 of 1946 on the Penal Code Regulations. https://jdih.dpr.go.id/setjen/detail-dokumen/tipe/uu/id/814
Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 1 of 1960 on Amendment of the Penal Code (State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia of 1960 Number 1, Supplement to the State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 1921). https://jdih.dpr.go.id/setjen/detail-dokumen/tipe/uu/id/1357
Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection (State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia of 1999 Number 22, Supplement to the State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 3821). https://jdih.dpr.go.id/setjen/detail-dokumen/tipe/uu/id/409
Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 42 of 1999 on Fiduciary Security (State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia of 1999 Number 168, Supplement to the State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 3889). https://jdih.dpr.go.id/setjen/detail-dokumen/tipe/uu/id/443
Maston, M., Risdaina, R., & Indra, K. M. (2023). Legal Analysis Regarding Police Authority in Collecting Debt Based on Government Regulation Number 2 of 2003 Concerning Disciplinary Regulations for Members of the Indonesian National Police. International Journal of Educational Research & Social Sciences, 4(1), 169-174. https://doi.org/10.51601/ijersc.v4i1.593
Nabila, S., Sampara, S., & Abbas, I. (2020). Perlindungan Hukum bagi Konsumen terhadap Perusahaan Leasing yang Melakukan Perbuatan Melawan Hukum di Kota Makassar. Journal of Lex Theory (JLT), 1(1), 129-144. https://doi.org/10.52103/jlt.v1i1.201
Pal, A., Herath, T., De’, R., & Rao, H. R. (2021). Is the Convenience Worth the Risk? An Investigation of Mobile Payment Usage. Information Systems Frontiers, 23(4), 941-961. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10796-020-10070-z
Putra, F. M. K. (2020). Utilization of Debt Collector Services in Debt Secured with Fidusia in Pandemic Period After the Verdict of the Constitutional Court No. 18/PUU-XVII/2019. Perspektif, 25(2), 73-83. https://doi.org/10.30742/perspektif.v25i2.760
Qamar, N., & Rezah, F. S. (2020). Metode Penelitian Hukum: Doktrinal dan Non-Doktrinal. CV. Social Politic Genius (SIGn).
Regulation of Central Bureau of Statistics of the Republic of Indonesia Number 2 of 2020 on Indonesian Standard Industrial Classification (Bulletin Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia of 2020 Number 1084). https://peraturan.go.id/id/perka-bps-no-2-tahun-2020
Regulation of the Financial Services Authority of the Republic of Indonesia Number 35/POJK.05/2018 on the Conduct of Financing Company Business (State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia of 2018 Number 260, Supplement to the State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 6286). https://peraturan.go.id/id/peraturan-ojk-no-35-pojk-05-2018-tahun-2018
Regulation of the Financial Services Authority of the Republic of Indonesia Number 7/POJK.05/2022 on Amendment to Regulation of the Financial Services Authority Number 35/POJK.05/2018 on the Conduct of Financing Company Business (State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia of 2022 Number 125, Supplement to the State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 6795). https://peraturan.go.id/id/peraturan-ojk-no-7-pojk-05-2022-tahun-2022
Rialdo, R., Maryano, M., Yuhelson, Y., & Wibiesono, A. (2023). Pertanggungjawaban Penuh Perusahaan Pembiayaan Terhadap Pelaksanaan Kerjasama Penagihan dengan Pihak Ketiga. Dikmas: Jurnal Pendidikan Masyarakat dan Pengabdian, 3(1), 207-220. Retrieved from https://ejurnal.pps.ung.ac.id/index.php/dikmas/article/view/1819
Rolobessy, V. Y., Malik, F., & Suwarti, S. (2023). Legal Liability of Illegal Online Loans in the Perspective of Criminal Law. Journal of Social Science, 4(2), 439-454. https://doi.org/10.46799/jss.v4i2.542
Sampara, S., & Husen, L. O. (2016). Metode Penelitian Hukum. Kretakupa Print.
Sanditya, W. B., Yasa, I. W., & Adiwibowo, Y. (2024). The Use of Debt Collector Services in the Forced Withdrawal of Fiduciary Guarantees at PT. Smart Multifinance (Study of Decision Number 5/Pdt.G.S/2021/PN Bit). International Journal of Social Science and Education Research Studies, 4(7), 724-730. https://doi.org/10.55677/ijssers/V04I7Y2024-08
Setyabudi, B., & Mashdurohatun, A. (2022). Reconstruction of Legal Protection Regulations for Debtors and Third Parties in Credit Agreements with the Object of Fiduciary Based Guarantee. Scholars International Journal of Law Crime and Justice, 5(12), 520-526. https://doi.org/10.36348/sijlcj.2022.v05i12.002
Syah, P. K., & Budiman, B. (2022, December 6). Kelompok Penagih Utang Mengintimidasi Wartawan Bekasi. Antara. Retrieved September 18, 2024, from https://www.antaranews.com/berita/3288671/kelompok-penagih-utang-mengintimidasi-wartawan-bekasi
Yahya, N. K., & Yuniarwati, Y. (2024). Accountants Role Creating Competitive New Brand Truck Finance Products for PT SM Finance Indonesia. International Journal of Application on Economics and Business, 2(2), 3620-3638. https://doi.org/10.24912/ijaeb.v2i2.3620-3638
Yani, S. (2020). Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Debitur Pada Perjanjian Pembiayaan Konsumen dengan Pembebanan Jaminan Fidusia. Unes Law Review, 2(3), 299-320. https://doi.org/10.31933/unesrev.v2i3.124
