Finality and Binding Force of Constitutional Court Decisions: An Analysis of Original Intent and Executory Problematics in the Judicial Review of Law
Abstract
The final and binding nature of Constitutional Court decisions in the judicial review of Law was designed as a power-balancing instrument to limit the arbitrariness of lawmakers. This generally binding force, in reality, clashes with the absence of an executory apparatus instrument, thereby engendering an executory procedural law vacuum at the related Law level. This research aims to discover the essential meaning of the decision’s binding force by tracing constitutional history, while simultaneously conducting a juridical analysis of the executory problematics to formulate follow-up governance that guarantees legal certainty. This normative legal research employs the statutory, conceptual, and historical approaches to analyze legal materials deductively. The research results indicate that the original intent of the amendment framers placed constitutional court decisions as an absolute control tool against the domination of lawmaker institutions. However, the deletion of the decision follow-up time limit has legitimized institutional arrogance, culminating in the phenomenon of constitutional disobedience. Legislative and executive actions that deliberately revive unconstitutional norms prove the exploitation of loopholes in executive governance weaknesses. The resolution to this problem demands a comprehensive restructuring that integrates a progressive judicial order approach with legislative obligations. The conclusion of this research affirms the urgency of amending Law Number 12 of 2011 to insert the obligation to institutionalize constitutional court decisions into the National Legislative Program, with a maximum time limit of one year, in order to sever the chain of disobedience by positive lawmakers.
Downloads
References
The 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. https://www.dpr.go.id/dokumen/jdih/undang-undang-dasar
Afriansyah, A., & Setiyono, J. (2023). Progressive Legal Perspective on the Ultra Petita Decision of the Constitutional Court. International Journal of Social Science and Human Research, 6(1), 534-544. https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v6-i1-71
Arifin, F. (2023). The Role of the Constitutional Court in Strengthening Indonesian Democracy: A Perspective on the Sovereignty of Law and the Distribution of Power. SIGn Jurnal Hukum, 5(2), 356-371. https://doi.org/10.37276/sjh.v5i2.353
Bachmid, F. (2025). Synchronization of the Material Content of Legislation Concerning Connected Corruption Post Constitutional Court Decision Number 87/PUU-XXI/2023. SIGn Journal of Social Science, 5(2), 168-188. https://doi.org/10.37276/sjss.v5i2.583
Decision of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia Number 91/PUU-XVIII/2020 on the Review of Law Number 11 of 2020. https://tracking.mkri.id/index.php?page=web.TrackPerkara&id=91/PUU-XVIII/2020
Decision of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia Number 60/PUU-XXII/2024 on the Judicial Review of Law Number 10 of 2016. https://tracking.mkri.id/index.php?page=web.TrackPerkara&id=60/PUU-XXII/2024
Ginsburg, T. (2003). Judicial Review in New Democracies: Constitutional Courts in Asian Cases. Cambridge University Press. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=qJrsouEjOZEC
Government Regulation in Lieu of Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 1 of 2013 on the Second Amendment to Law Number 24 of 2003 on the Constitutional Court (State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia of 2013 Number 167, Supplement to the State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 5456). https://peraturan.go.id/id/perppu-no-1-tahun-2013
Harvelian, A. (2016). Mahkamah Konstitusi dan Penguatan Konstitusi Ekonomi Indonesia. Jurnal Konstitusi, 13(3), 530-551. https://doi.org/10.31078/jk1333
Ibrahim, J. (2013). Teori & Metodologi Penelitian Hukum Normatif. Bayu Media.
Landfried, C. (Ed.). (2019). Judicial Power: How Constitutional Courts Affect Political Transformations. Cambridge University Press. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=Xd6CDwAAQBAJ
Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 24 of 2003 on the Constitutional Court (State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia of 2003 Number 98, Supplement to the State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 4316). https://www.dpr.go.id/dokumen/jdih/undang-undang/detail/207
Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 8 of 2011 on Amendment to Law Number 24 of 2003 on the Constitutional Court (State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia of 2011 Number 70, Supplement to the State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 5226). https://www.dpr.go.id/dokumen/jdih/undang-undang/detail/245
Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 12 of 2011 on Legislation Making (State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia of 2011 Number 82, Supplement to the State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 5234). https://www.dpr.go.id/dokumen/jdih/undang-undang/detail/249
Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 4 of 2014 on Enactment of Government Regulation in Lieu of Law Number 1 of 2013 on the Second Amendment to Law Number 24 of 2003 on the Constitutional Court Into Law (State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia of 2014 Number 5, Supplement to the State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 5493). https://www.dpr.go.id/dokumen/jdih/undang-undang/detail/929
Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 15 of 2019 on Amendment to Law Number 12 of 2011 on Legislation Making (State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia of 2019 Number 183, Supplement to the State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 6398). https://www.dpr.go.id/dokumen/jdih/undang-undang/detail/1749
Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 7 of 2020 on the Third Amendment to Law Number 24 of 2003 on the Constitutional Court (State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia of 2020 Number 216, Supplement to the State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 6554). https://www.dpr.go.id/dokumen/jdih/undang-undang/detail/1767
Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 11 of 2020 on Job Creation (State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia of 2020 Number 245, Supplement to the State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 6573). https://www.dpr.go.id/dokumen/jdih/undang-undang/detail/1771
Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 13 of 2022 on the Second Amendment to Law Number 12 of 2011 on Legislation Making (State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia of 2022 Number 143, Supplement to the State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 6801). https://www.dpr.go.id/dokumen/jdih/undang-undang/detail/1801
Marzuki, P. M. (2017). Penelitian Hukum (Revised Edition). Kencana Prenada Media Group. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=CKZADwAAQBAJ
Mertokusumo, S. (2010). Penemuan Hukum: Sebuah Pengantar. Universitas Atma Jaya.
Miyonita, M., Arfiani, A., & Amsari, F. (2024). Judicial Order Sebagai Penguatan Sifat Final dan Mengikat Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam Perkara Pengujian Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2017 tentang Pemilihan Umum. Lareh Law Review, 2(1), 85-95. https://doi.org/10.25077/llr.2.1.85-95.2024
Muttaqin, L., Enggarani, N. S., Nurhayati, N., Junaidi, M., & Febiyanti, N. (2026). Constitutional Court vs. Lawmakers: Positive Legislature, Decision Implementation, and Balance of Authority. SIGn Jurnal Hukum, 7(2), 1040-1057. https://doi.org/10.37276/sjh.v7i2.554
Phiau, B. J., Rifai, A., & Latif, A. (2025). Legal Certainty in the Implementation of Judicial Review Decisions by the Constitutional Court in Indonesia. Asian Journal of Social and Humanities, 3(5), 913-921. https://doi.org/10.59888/ajosh.v3i5.497
Pitrinyantini, P. E., & Astariyani, N. L. G. (2022). Final and Binding Essence on Constitutional Court’s Judgment in Judicial Review. Journal of Social Sciences and Management Studies, 1(2), 86-90. https://doi.org/10.56556/jssms.v1i2.170
Pratiwi, W., Isra, S., Simabura, C., & Fahmi, K. (2025). Implications of Constitutional Defiance of Constitutional Court Decisions by Lawmakers. Jurnal IUS Kajian Hukum dan Keadilan, 13(3), 734-759. https://doi.org/10.29303/ius.v13i3.1837
Putra, A. (2023). Implications of Conditional Inconstitutional Decisions in the Constitutional Court Decision. Jurnal Konstitusi, 20(1), 58-77. https://doi.org/10.31078/jk2014
Qamar, N., & Rezah, F. S. (2020). Metode Penelitian Hukum: Doktrinal dan Non-Doktrinal. CV. Social Politic Genius (SIGn). https://books.google.co.id/books?id=TAQHEAAAQBAJ
Rakia, A. S. R. S., Ali, M., Afoeli, L. M. T., Hidaya, W. A., & Monteiro, S. (2024). Principles of Legal Compliance on the Constitutional Court Decisions Adoption in Legislation. Jurnal Jurisprudence, 14(1), 39-62. https://doi.org/10.23917/jurisprudence.v14i1.3149
Regulation of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia Number 7 of 2025 on Procedures in Judicial Review Cases. https://arsipds.mkri.id/file_ds/mk1012353905250821102651.pdf
Rezah, F. S., & Sapada, A. T. (2023). The Independence and Accountability of the Constitutional Court in the Constitutional System in Indonesia. SIGn Jurnal Hukum, 4(2), 247-260. https://doi.org/10.37276/sjh.v4i2.166
Rezah, F. S., & Sapada, A. T. (2024). Implications of Constitutional Court Decision Number 85/PUU-XX/2022 for the Dispute Resolution of Regional Head Election Results. SIGn Jurnal Hukum, 6(2), 233-246. https://doi.org/10.37276/sjh.v6i2.383
Salia, H. E. (2017). Peran Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam Mewujudkan Negara Hukum yang Demokratis. DIH: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, 13(25), 28-39. https://doi.org/10.30996/dih.v13i25.1546
Sampara, S., & Husen, L. O. (2016). Metode Penelitian Hukum. Kretakupa Print.
Soekanto, S. (2006). Pengantar Penelitian Hukum. UI Press. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=M3b3NAAACAAJ
Suherman, A. (2019). Implementasi Independensi Hakim dalam Pelaksanaan Kekuasaan Kehakiman. SIGn Jurnal Hukum, 1(1), 42-51. https://doi.org/10.37276/sjh.v1i1.29
Sulistyowati, T., Nasef, M. I., & Rido, A. (2020). Constitutional Compliance Atas Putusan Pengujian Undang-Undang di Mahkamah Konstitusi oleh Adressat Putusan. Jurnal Konstitusi, 17(4), 699-728. https://doi.org/10.31078/jk1741
Wasito, W. B., Nuryadi, A., Eddyono, L. W., & Haryadi, D. (2010). Naskah Komprehensif Perubahan Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945: Latar Belakang, Proses, dan Hasil Pembahasan 1999-2002 (Buku VI: Kekuasaan Kehakiman, Edisi Revisi). Sekretariat Jenderal dan Kepaniteraan Mahkamah Konstitusi. https://www.mkri.id/publikasi/naskah-komprehensif
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Rashif Abdillah Nawawi, Izzan Altaf Maharesi, Chayyra Mardhatillah
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
