SIGn Journal of Social Science

Restitution and Compensation for Crime Victims: A Normative Shift in the Criminal Justice System

Andi Abid Rafly Hasanuddin — 2026-06-16

The national criminal justice system has undergone a normative shift from a retributive approach toward justice oriented to the recovery of victims’ rights through restitution and compensation. This normative development raises an issue of horizontal synchronization between Law Number 20 of 2025, as the general criminal procedure law that regulates the right to compensation conditionally where the offender is unable to fulfill restitution, and Law Number 3 of 2026, as a special law that limits compensation to certain categories of victims. This study aims to analyze that paradigm shift, evaluate the regulatory disharmony between the two laws, and formulate a prescriptive basis for state involvement in the recovery of victims’ rights. This study applies normative legal research using statute, historical, and conceptual approaches. The findings show that the limitation of compensation under the special law may create differentiated legal protection for crime victims outside those special categories where the offender is unable to fulfill restitution. Therefore, the obligation of investigators, public prosecutors, and judges to notify and facilitate the rights to restitution and compensation should be understood as an active state mandate to guarantee victims’ access to recovery. This study recommends harmonizing Law Number 3 of 2026 with Law Number 20 of 2025 and enacting a Government Regulation on the transparent and accountable governance of the endowment fund.

The Paradox of Public Service Digitalization: Electronic Signature Implementation for Family Card Document Issuance in Kuningan Regency

Febriyan Suryo Iman — 2026-06-30

This study examines public service transformation through e-government and the operational dependence that centralized digital systems create. It analyzes the implementation of e-signature policy in the issuance of Family Card documents at the Population and Civil Registration Office of Kuningan Regency, examines the paradox of public service digitalization, and evaluates local mitigation strategies during system disruptions. This study employed a descriptive qualitative approach within a post-positivist paradigm. Data were collected through an in-depth interview with an anonymized key informant, direct observation of service processes, incidental interviews with service applicants, and documentation. The findings show that e-signature implementation operates effectively under normal system conditions. This effectiveness is reflected in communication across various channels, support for biometric devices, system-based compliance among public officials, and a more concise bureaucratic mechanism. The main conceptual finding is algorithmic compliance (compliance by design), namely, compliance achieved by the Population Administration Information System, which prevents the issuance of final documents without e-signature authorization. However, service acceleration to under one hour remains significantly dependent on the central server and network stability. During system disruptions, final documents may remain as drafts, while local officials use temporary offline recording, backup connections, and procedural adaptation to maintain service continuity. This study recommends strengthening regional server nodes, developing a Crisis Management Standard Operating Procedure, and providing system-disruption mitigation training for service personnel.

The Implementation of the Family Hope Program as a Poverty Alleviation Instrument in Cirebon Regency

Ilham Fauzian Andika — 2026-06-30

Poverty is a multidimensional problem that concerns economic deprivation and the capacity of communities to utilize welfare-improvement opportunities. This study evaluates the implementation of the PKH as a technical instrument for poverty alleviation in Cirebon Regency through four operational dimensions of public policy: communication, resources, implementers’ disposition, and bureaucratic structure. It applies a descriptive qualitative design with informants selected through purposive sampling. Primary data were collected through semi-structured interviews with structural implementers from the Social Affairs Office of Cirebon Regency and PKH facilitators, while secondary data were obtained from statistics, regional regulations, and relevant literature. Data trustworthiness was examined through source triangulation. The findings show that the decline in the regional poverty rate is consistent with the decrease in KPM and with implementers’ efforts to support KPM socio-economic self-reliance through education and facilitation. However, program implementation still faces constraints related to limited financial infrastructure literacy, rigid digital systems, and the concentration of administrative workload on facilitators. This study recommends strengthening the digital validation system, improving workload distribution, and institutionalizing local potential mapping to support sustainable KPM self-reliance.

Voluntary Servitude in Digital Capitalism: A Synthesis of Frommian and Fuchsian Thought on Instagram Influencer Activities

Grace Heidy Jane Amanda Wattimena — 2026-07-07

The freedom of Instagram influencers within the structure of platform capitalism represents a structural contradiction that can be examined as voluntary servitude. This study aims to synthesize Erich Fromm’s critical psychology and Christian Fuchs’s political economy of digital media to explain how structural unfreedom is accepted as a form of autonomy by digital actors. This study uses a qualitative method with a literature research design through a conceptual-critical approach, without direct empirical testing of influencer subjects. The synthesis constructs a theoretical abstraction called the Dialectical Model of Freedom in Digital Capitalism. This model holds that the subject’s release from traditional authority yields negative freedom, but not necessarily positive freedom. In the context of achievement society, the post-emergence situation from primary bonds may encourage psychological escape through automaton conformity, which forms the pseudo self. This psychic submission is then converted by platform capitalism into a prosumer commodity through the mechanism of playbour. Aspirational labor, visibility labor, precarious employment, digital Taylorism, visibility game, and shadowbans show that creative autonomy is conditioned by the interests of visibility and value extraction. This study concludes that voluntary servitude should be understood as an analytical category for explaining subjective acceptance of digital exploitation structures. Its implications require digital communication studies to strengthen critical digital literacy, protect digital workers, improve transparency in algorithmic governance, and democratize platform infrastructure.

Non-Custodial Sentences in Indonesia’s Sentencing System: Legal Interconnections among Sentencing Purposes, Sentence Execution, and Selective Decarceration

Dea Fadilla — 2026-08-01

The enactment of Law Number 1 of 2023 expands sentencing options through supervisory sentences, fines, and community service sentences. These sentences cannot be evaluated solely on the basis that their execution does not begin in prison. The regulation of convicted persons’ obligations, the execution of judgments, and the legal consequences of noncompliance may maintain a legal connection between these sentences and imprisonment. This study aims to analyze the legal interconnections among sentencing purposes, the imposition and execution of non-custodial sentences, and selective decarceration within Indonesia’s sentencing system. This analytical-prescriptive normative legal study employs the statute approach and the conceptual approach. The analysis classifies the relevant provisions according to sentencing purposes, sentencing requirements, forms of restriction, sentence execution, and legal consequences of noncompliance. The provisions are then examined through grammatical, systematic, and teleological interpretation. The findings demonstrate that the capacity to avoid initial imprisonment must be distinguished from the continued execution of a sentence outside prison. A supervisory sentence remains legally connected to imprisonment. The continued execution of a fine outside prison depends on payment and property enforcement. A community service sentence may replace either short-term imprisonment or a low-level fine, but the consequences of noncompliance depend on the underlying sentence. Selective decarceration is formulated through descriptive, evaluative, and prescriptive dimensions that govern both sentence imposition and legal consequences at the execution stage.

Institutionalization of Gender Mainstreaming in Regional Development Planning and Budgeting in East Kalimantan Province

Nadia Istamala — 2026-08-16

Gender mainstreaming in regional development requires institutionalization that connects role distribution, implementer capacity, and instrument use within planning and budgeting processes. This study analyzes the institutionalization of gender mainstreaming in East Kalimantan Province through institutional coordination, implementer capacity, and the use of gender-responsive planning and budgeting instruments. This field study employed a qualitative descriptive approach and was conducted from February to June 2026. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with purposively selected informants, observations, and document review. The analysis involved thematic grouping and cross-checking across data sources and data collection methods. The findings show that implementation structures and coordination activities have been established, but operational responsibilities remain dominated by the East Kalimantan Provincial Office of Women’s Empowerment and Child Protection. Capacity development has been implemented, while gender analysis skills and the ability to prepare Gender Budget Statements remain unevenly distributed. The implementation of gender-responsive planning and budgeting instruments has established an administrative sequence involving Klik SiGen, gender-responsive budget compilation, and reporting. Integration of these instruments with program and budget decisions remains inconsistent. These three elements produce an empirical pattern of institutionalization dominated by the Office of Women’s Empowerment and Child Protection as the driving organization. This pattern results from mutually reinforcing relationships among uneven role distribution, uneven capacity distribution, and dependence on assistance in instrument use.

Meaning-Making of Job Insecurity and Its Implications for Employee Performance: A Schutzian Phenomenological Study at Universitas Antakusuma

Rio Jiwa Setiawan — 2026-08-20

Job insecurity is a subjective experience related to employment continuity and certainty regarding valued job features. This study aimed to analyze the meaning-making of job insecurity through prior experiences associated with the formation of a project of action, or the because motive, the projected state that constitutes the purpose of action, or the in-order-to motive, and its implications for employee performance at Universitas Antakusuma. The study used a qualitative method with Alfred Schutz’s social phenomenological approach. The informants comprised three educational staff members and two lecturers. Primary data were collected through interviews, supported by observation and documentation. The data were analyzed through data reduction, data display, conclusion drawing and verification, and phenomenological interpretation. The findings showed that the experiences of educational staff were related to employment continuity, employment status, relationships with supervisors, and family responsibilities. The lecturers’ experiences were related to assignment certainty, incentives, teaching workload, and institutional recognition. Prior experiences were associated with the formation of projects of action, while action orientations included employment continuity, capacity development, alternative employment, recognition, and assignment certainty. The implications for work included increased effort, caution, adjustment, skill development, reduced work effectiveness, increased burden on primary job duties, disruption to teaching activities, and work impediments. Some informants also experienced stress, anger, psychological pressure, and psychological states that they perceived as unstable. The findings demonstrate the relationship among subjective meaning-making, the structure of action motives, and experiences in carrying out work among the informants.

Implementation of the Diverse, Nutritionally Balanced, and Safe Food Program in Mahakam Ulu: The Gap between Administrative Readiness and Supporting Conditions

Eka Ratna Amelia — 2026-08-27

The Diverse, Nutritionally Balanced, and Safe Food (DNBSF) Program is intended to strengthen food consumption diversification through education, local food promotion, home-garden utilization, and cross-sectoral support. This study aims to analyze administrative readiness, supporting conditions associated with service reach, and the relationships among components that generate implementation gaps in the DNBSF Program in Mahakam Ulu Regency. The study used a descriptive-analytical qualitative approach involving seven implementing officials at the provincial and regency levels as informants. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and document review. Data analysis included condensation, coding, thematic grouping, cross-informant comparison, cross-checking against documentary evidence, and cross-theme synthesis. The findings show that procedural capacity is supported by a policy basis, planning, role allocation, resource organization, communication, reporting, and control. Service reach is influenced by budget adequacy, activity coverage, implementing personnel, territorial access, food distribution, technology use, and local food utilization. Activity outputs can be traced through promotion, outreach, home-garden support, supervision, and reporting. Outcome evidence requires information on recipients, interventions, the use of support, follow-up, and intermediate outcomes. Analysis across the three levels identifies a service reach gap and an outcome evidence gap as two forms of implementation gap in the DNBSF Program in Mahakam Ulu.

Global Political-Economic Dynamics, Foreign Direct Investment, and Tax Base Protection under Indonesia’s International Tax Law Framework

Azwar Amiruddin — 2026-09-08

Global political-economic changes, geopolitical uncertainty, and supply-chain reorganization affect the patterns, structures, and routes of foreign direct investment while increasing the importance of tax base protection and the allocation of Indonesia’s taxing rights. This study analyzes the relationship between changes in global political-economic conditions and the reconfiguration of foreign direct investment, identifies their legal consequences for Indonesia’s tax base and taxing rights, and assesses the functions of the Arm’s Length Principle, tax treaties, anti-avoidance provisions, and the Global Minimum Tax in protecting the tax base while providing investment certainty. This normative legal research applies the statute, conceptual, and policy approaches through a literature-based examination of primary legal materials, academic literature, and institutional data. The findings show that the fiscal consequences of investment reconfiguration depend on transaction characteristics, functions, assets, risks, financing, intangibles, and the substance of economic activities. Once the domestic tax base is determined, tax treaties govern the allocation and limitation of taxing rights across jurisdictions. For Multinational Enterprise Groups that fall within the applicable scope, the GloBE Rules govern minimum taxation based on jurisdictional tax outcomes. Tax base protection requires coordinating legal instruments according to their respective objects, requirements, and stages of application, along with investment policies that prioritize substantial economic activities, legal certainty, administrative quality, and non-fiscal competitiveness.

Development of Community-Based Mangrove Educational Tourism through Mangrove Coffee Innovation in Tiwoho Village

Telly Hetty Isye Kondoj — 2026-09-08

The development of mangrove educational tourism in Tiwoho Village integrates the potential of the mangrove area, local product innovation, and community institutional capacity. This study aims to analyze the potential of the mangrove area, examine mangrove coffee as a local product with potential as an educational tourism component, analyze community institutional capacity, and formulate development strategies appropriate to local conditions. A qualitative field study with a descriptive-analytical approach was conducted from January to April 2026 through observation, semi-structured in-depth interviews, documentation, and a review of written sources. The data were analyzed through organization, reduction, coding, categorization, cross-source comparison, interpretation, synthesis, and SWOT analysis. The findings show that the mangrove area and mangrove coffee processing can support the development of educational tourism activities. The Rhizophora Karya Muda Group, the Tiwoho Village Youth Organization, and the Tiwoho Village Government constitute the local institutional structure, while direct community involvement remains concentrated among a segment of residents. The development strategies include integrating the mangrove area and mangrove coffee into educational activities, strengthening institutional capacity and facilities, differentiating the destination through digital communication, and strengthening resource management and collaboration. Tiwoho’s distinctive character comes from integrating mangrove resources, mangrove coffee innovation, and local institutional capacity to develop community-based mangrove educational tourism.

Institutional Capacity of Village-Owned Enterprises in Kutai Kartanegara: Internal Governance and Stakeholder Relations

Dea Rizky Amalia — 2026-09-08

Village-owned enterprises (VOEs) play an important role in managing village economic potential, yet their formal existence, organizational structure, capital contributions, and business units do not always reflect substantive institutional capacity. This study analyzes the institutional capacity of VOEs in Kutai Kartanegara Regency by examining the relationship between internal governance and relations with village governments, communities, and external partners. The study employed a qualitative approach with a case study design covering nine VOEs in nine villages. Primary data were obtained through in-depth interviews, field observations, social mapping, institutional Venn diagrams, and field documentation, complemented by secondary documents. Data analysis included organizing, coding, categorizing, cross-source and cross-unit comparisons, and interpretation. The findings show that relations with village governments were dominated by administrative aspects, external support and human resource capacity building were limited, community participation remained limited, internal governance was weak, and relations with external partners were also limited. This configuration explains VOEs’ weak position within village socioeconomic structures and the uneven distribution of economic benefits. Substantive institutional capacity therefore depends on the relationship between internal organizational functioning and the quality of stakeholder relations.