SIGn Journal of Social Science

The Future of Copyright Protection for AI-Generated Art: Lessons from the Ghiblification Phenomenon

Afrizal Mukti Wibowo — 2025-06-11

The rapid development of AI-generated art that mimics the signature styles of human artists, exemplified by the ghiblification phenomenon, poses a crucial problem for the copyright protection of artistic style, which is traditionally unprotected. This research aims to critically analyze this legal challenge, conduct a comparative study of the copyright regulatory frameworks in Indonesia, the United States, the European Union, and Japan concerning AI art and the issue of artistic style, and formulate policy recommendations for Indonesia. Using a normative juridical research method through statute, conceptual, and comparative approaches, this study examines the legislation, doctrine, and practices in these four jurisdictions. The results show that ghiblification confirms the vulnerability of artistic style; although style as an idea is not protected, the replication of specific expressions by AI can still potentially constitute copyright infringement. The comparative analysis reveals significant variations in approach: the United States strictly requires human authorship, Japan offers flexibility for using data for AI training with a proviso, and the European Union seeks a balance through a TDM exception, while Indonesia still faces a specific regulatory vacuum. Nevertheless, a global consensus exists on the importance of human creative contribution for the recognition of copyright. It is concluded that the existing copyright legal framework, particularly in Indonesia, is inadequate to respond to the disruption of AI-generated art, thus requiring urgent juridical adaptation. This study recommends legal reform in Indonesia, including the clarification of the status of AI-generated art, the consideration of licensing models, and the strengthening of moral rights aspects in order to balance technological innovation with fair artistic protection.

Women, Tradition, and Cultural Resilience: The Preservation Practices of Bira Woven Fabric Amidst the Currents of Modernization

Annisa Ramadhani — 2025-07-22

Bira Woven Fabric, a maritime cultural heritage in South Sulawesi, faces a serious threat of extinction due to the pressures of modernization. This study aims to deconstruct the social mechanisms underlying this preservation crisis, moving beyond purely economic or technical analyses. Employing a qualitative approach and Pierre Bourdieu’s practice theory framework, this study analyzes how the dialectical interaction among habitus, capital, and field shapes the practices of women weavers. Key findings indicate that this crisis is rooted at three levels. First, the formation of a cleft habitus (habitus clivé) within the weavers, who are caught between loyalty to tradition and economic rationality. Second, the systematic devaluation of their cultural and symbolic capital in the contestation against the dominance of economic capital within the social field. Third, their subordinate position within a field governed by the logic of tourism and patriarchal structures. This study concludes that weaving preservation is not merely a technical issue but a political struggle to change the “rules of the game” within the field. The research suggests that successful interventions require a holistic approach that extends beyond economic strengthening, focusing on the revitalisation of habitus, the revaluation of cultural capital, and, most importantly, the structural reform of the field itself.

Empirical Analysis of Rehabilitation Programs for Children in Conflict with the Law at Jayapura Class II Juvenile Correctional Facility

Deppa Ringgi — 2025-10-07

Amid the paradox between the idealism of humanistic child protection regulations and high recidivism rates, this study examines the effectiveness of rehabilitation programs for children in conflict with the law. This study aims to analyze in-depth how the rehabilitation program at the Jayapura Class II JCF operates as a mechanism to reconstruct social bonds. This process is analyzed using Hirschi’s Social Control Theory as a framework. Applying an empirical legal method with a case study approach, primary data were collected through semi-structured interviews with officers and juvenile residents as well as participatory observation, and were subsequently analyzed qualitatively. The results indicate that the three main programs—physical and spiritual development, social development, and education—work synergistically as an architecture of social engineering to mend and reinforce the four elements of the social bond. Attachment is built through communal structures. Commitment is instilled through investment in orderliness and the development of future skills. Involvement is ensured through a densely structured schedule. Belief is reconstructed through consistent moral education. A crucial finding reveals that although formal education faces structural constraints, the non-formal skills program is more effective in building commitment. It is concluded that the key to successful rehabilitation lies not in the luxury of facilities, but in an institution’s ability to systematically re-weave torn social bonds, which serves as the foundation for the successful rehabilitation and social reintegration of children.

The Integration of the LPSK into the Criminal Justice System: The Urgency of Witness and Victim Protection Amidst an Illusion of Criminal Procedure Law Reform

Robbi Fathan — 2025-10-20

Indonesia’s criminal justice system confronts a fundamental paradox. Constitutional guarantees of citizen protection clash with the architecture of Law Number 8 of 1981, which is inherently offender-oriented and retributive in its paradigm. Ironically, the reform effort through the Criminal Procedure Code Bill, projected as a solution, risks creating a new “illusion of protection.” The draft Bill presents a seemingly progressive showcase of witness and victim rights. However, it simultaneously fails to provide an integrated enforcement mechanism and even introduces norms that could create systemic disharmony. This research aims to analyze the urgency of the problem and to formulate a holistic integration model for LPSK as a response to this systemic malady. Employing a hybrid legal research method that combines a juridical-normative analysis of the regulatory framework with a qualitative approach through an in-depth interview with an LPSK senior expert, this study finds that the LPSK’s structurally isolated position has led to serious institutional friction and ambiguous authority, despite its proven crucial role in strategic cases. Therefore, it is concluded that the required solution is a structural transformation. This study recommends a systemic integration model via two pathways: an imperative revision of the Criminal Procedure Code Bill, or the strengthening of the LPSK through an amendment to Law Number 13 of 2006 as a synchronized lex specialis, to ensure the realization of a criminal justice system that is substantively centered on witnesses and victims.