Reconstructing the Admissibility Standard for Neuroscientific Evidence Concerning Defendants in Indonesian Criminal Proceedings: A Functional Comparison with United States Federal Law
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37276/sjh.v8i1.757Kata Kunci:
Admisibilitas Bukti, Bukti Neurosaintifik, Hukum Acara Pidana, Reliabilitas Ilmiah, TerdakwaAbstrak
Penggunaan bukti neurosaintifik mengenai Terdakwa dapat membantu menjelaskan kondisi neurologis, fungsi kognitif, dan kapasitas yang relevan dengan pertanggungjawaban pidana. Namun, penggunaan bukti tersebut juga menimbulkan persoalan kecukupan data, reliabilitas metode, ketepatan penerapan terhadap individu, batas inferensi, privasi mental, dan kesesuaiannya dengan kategori hukum. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kecukupan hukum Indonesia serta merekonstruksi standar admisibilitas bukti neurosaintifik mengenai Terdakwa dalam pemeriksaan di sidang pengadilan melalui perbandingan fungsional dengan hukum federal Amerika Serikat. Penelitian hukum normatif yang bersifat preskriptif ini menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, kasus, dan komparatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hukum Indonesia telah mengatur alat bukti, Keterangan Ahli, autentikasi, perolehan alat bukti secara tidak melawan hukum, informasi kesehatan, pelindungan data pribadi, pemeriksaan antarpihak, dan kewajiban memberikan alasan dalam putusan. Namun, pengaturan tersebut belum mengintegrasikan kecukupan data, reliabilitas metode, reliabilitas penerapan, dan hubungan inferensial sebagai persyaratan khusus admisibilitas. Rekonstruksi menghasilkan sebelas unsur pengujian dan delapan tahap pemeriksaan. Kekurangan pada unsur dasar menimbulkan akibat hukum apabila hukum positif telah mengaturnya. Adapun penolakan berdasarkan kegagalan ilmiah yang belum diatur memerlukan pembaruan hukum. Kelemahan residual memengaruhi bobot pembuktian. Implementasi standar memerlukan pengaturan kewenangan, tata kelola data, kapasitas Ahli, kesetaraan akses, dan pengujian empiris.
Unduhan
Referensi
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