Finality and Binding Force of Constitutional Court Decisions: An Analysis of Original Intent and Executory Problematics in the Judicial Review of Law

Penulis

  • Muhammad Rashif Abdillah Nawawi Universitas Brawijaya, Indonesia
  • Izzan Altaf Maharesi Universitas Brawijaya, Indonesia
  • Chayyra Mardhatillah Universitas Brawijaya, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37276/sjh.v7i2.654

Kata Kunci:

Eksekusi Norma, Mahkamah Konstitusi, Pembangkangan Konstitusi, Pembentuk Undang-Undang, Putusan Final dan Mengikat

Abstrak

Sifat final dan mengikat putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam pengujian undang-undang dirancang sebagai instrumen pengimbangan kekuasaan untuk membatasi kesewenang-wenangan pembentuk undang-undang. Daya ikat yang berlaku umum tersebut pada kenyataannya berbenturan dengan ketiadaan instrumen aparatur eksekutorial, sehingga melahirkan kekosongan hukum acara eksekusi pada tingkat undang-undang terkait. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan makna esensial dari daya ikat putusan melalui penelusuran sejarah konstitusi, sekaligus mengonstruksikan analisis yuridis terhadap problematika eksekutorial guna merumuskan tata kelola tindak lanjut yang menjamin kepastian hukum. Penelitian hukum normatif ini menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan, pendekatan konseptual, dan pendekatan sejarah untuk menganalisis bahan hukum secara deduktif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kehendak orisinal (original intent) dari para perumus amendemen menempatkan putusan peradilan konstitusi sebagai instrumen kendali mutlak terhadap dominasi lembaga pembentuk undang-undang. Namun, penghapusan batas waktu tindak lanjut putusan telah melegitimasi arogansi kelembagaan yang bermuara pada fenomena pembangkangan konstitusi. Tindakan legislatif dan eksekutif yang secara sengaja menghidupkan kembali norma inkonstitusional membuktikan adanya eksploitasi terhadap celah kelemahan tata kelola eksekusi. Penyelesaian atas permasalahan ini menuntut restrukturisasi komprehensif yang mengintegrasikan pendekatan perintah peradilan progresif dengan kewajiban legislasi. Kesimpulan penelitian ini menegaskan urgensi amendemen terhadap Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2011 untuk menyisipkan kewajiban pelembagaan putusan peradilan konstitusi ke dalam Program Legislasi Nasional dengan batas waktu maksimal satu tahun, guna memutus mata rantai pembangkangan oleh pembentuk undang-undang positif.

Unduhan

Data unduhan tidak tersedia.

Referensi

The 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. https://www.dpr.go.id/dokumen/jdih/undang-undang-dasar

Afriansyah, A., & Setiyono, J. (2023). Progressive Legal Perspective on the Ultra Petita Decision of the Constitutional Court. International Journal of Social Science and Human Research, 6(1), 534-544. https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v6-i1-71

Arifin, F. (2023). The Role of the Constitutional Court in Strengthening Indonesian Democracy: A Perspective on the Sovereignty of Law and the Distribution of Power. SIGn Jurnal Hukum, 5(2), 356-371. https://doi.org/10.37276/sjh.v5i2.353

Bachmid, F. (2025). Synchronization of the Material Content of Legislation Concerning Connected Corruption Post Constitutional Court Decision Number 87/PUU-XXI/2023. SIGn Journal of Social Science, 5(2), 168-188. https://doi.org/10.37276/sjss.v5i2.583

Decision of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia Number 91/PUU-XVIII/2020 on the Review of Law Number 11 of 2020. https://tracking.mkri.id/index.php?page=web.TrackPerkara&id=91/PUU-XVIII/2020

Decision of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia Number 60/PUU-XXII/2024 on the Judicial Review of Law Number 10 of 2016. https://tracking.mkri.id/index.php?page=web.TrackPerkara&id=60/PUU-XXII/2024

Ginsburg, T. (2003). Judicial Review in New Democracies: Constitutional Courts in Asian Cases. Cambridge University Press. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=qJrsouEjOZEC

Government Regulation in Lieu of Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 1 of 2013 on the Second Amendment to Law Number 24 of 2003 on the Constitutional Court (State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia of 2013 Number 167, Supplement to the State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 5456). https://peraturan.go.id/id/perppu-no-1-tahun-2013

Harvelian, A. (2016). Mahkamah Konstitusi dan Penguatan Konstitusi Ekonomi Indonesia. Jurnal Konstitusi, 13(3), 530-551. https://doi.org/10.31078/jk1333

Ibrahim, J. (2013). Teori & Metodologi Penelitian Hukum Normatif. Bayu Media.

Landfried, C. (Ed.). (2019). Judicial Power: How Constitutional Courts Affect Political Transformations. Cambridge University Press. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=Xd6CDwAAQBAJ

Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 24 of 2003 on the Constitutional Court (State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia of 2003 Number 98, Supplement to the State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 4316). https://www.dpr.go.id/dokumen/jdih/undang-undang/detail/207

Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 8 of 2011 on Amendment to Law Number 24 of 2003 on the Constitutional Court (State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia of 2011 Number 70, Supplement to the State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 5226). https://www.dpr.go.id/dokumen/jdih/undang-undang/detail/245

Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 12 of 2011 on Legislation Making (State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia of 2011 Number 82, Supplement to the State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 5234). https://www.dpr.go.id/dokumen/jdih/undang-undang/detail/249

Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 4 of 2014 on Enactment of Government Regulation in Lieu of Law Number 1 of 2013 on the Second Amendment to Law Number 24 of 2003 on the Constitutional Court Into Law (State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia of 2014 Number 5, Supplement to the State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 5493). https://www.dpr.go.id/dokumen/jdih/undang-undang/detail/929

Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 15 of 2019 on Amendment to Law Number 12 of 2011 on Legislation Making (State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia of 2019 Number 183, Supplement to the State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 6398). https://www.dpr.go.id/dokumen/jdih/undang-undang/detail/1749

Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 7 of 2020 on the Third Amendment to Law Number 24 of 2003 on the Constitutional Court (State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia of 2020 Number 216, Supplement to the State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 6554). https://www.dpr.go.id/dokumen/jdih/undang-undang/detail/1767

Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 11 of 2020 on Job Creation (State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia of 2020 Number 245, Supplement to the State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 6573). https://www.dpr.go.id/dokumen/jdih/undang-undang/detail/1771

Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 13 of 2022 on the Second Amendment to Law Number 12 of 2011 on Legislation Making (State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia of 2022 Number 143, Supplement to the State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 6801). https://www.dpr.go.id/dokumen/jdih/undang-undang/detail/1801

Marzuki, P. M. (2017). Penelitian Hukum (Revised Edition). Kencana Prenada Media Group. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=CKZADwAAQBAJ

Mertokusumo, S. (2010). Penemuan Hukum: Sebuah Pengantar. Universitas Atma Jaya.

Miyonita, M., Arfiani, A., & Amsari, F. (2024). Judicial Order Sebagai Penguatan Sifat Final dan Mengikat Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam Perkara Pengujian Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2017 tentang Pemilihan Umum. Lareh Law Review, 2(1), 85-95. https://doi.org/10.25077/llr.2.1.85-95.2024

Muttaqin, L., Enggarani, N. S., Nurhayati, N., Junaidi, M., & Febiyanti, N. (2026). Constitutional Court vs. Lawmakers: Positive Legislature, Decision Implementation, and Balance of Authority. SIGn Jurnal Hukum, 7(2), 1040-1057. https://doi.org/10.37276/sjh.v7i2.554

Phiau, B. J., Rifai, A., & Latif, A. (2025). Legal Certainty in the Implementation of Judicial Review Decisions by the Constitutional Court in Indonesia. Asian Journal of Social and Humanities, 3(5), 913-921. https://doi.org/10.59888/ajosh.v3i5.497

Pitrinyantini, P. E., & Astariyani, N. L. G. (2022). Final and Binding Essence on Constitutional Court’s Judgment in Judicial Review. Journal of Social Sciences and Management Studies, 1(2), 86-90. https://doi.org/10.56556/jssms.v1i2.170

Pratiwi, W., Isra, S., Simabura, C., & Fahmi, K. (2025). Implications of Constitutional Defiance of Constitutional Court Decisions by Lawmakers. Jurnal IUS Kajian Hukum dan Keadilan, 13(3), 734-759. https://doi.org/10.29303/ius.v13i3.1837

Putra, A. (2023). Implications of Conditional Inconstitutional Decisions in the Constitutional Court Decision. Jurnal Konstitusi, 20(1), 58-77. https://doi.org/10.31078/jk2014

Qamar, N., & Rezah, F. S. (2020). Metode Penelitian Hukum: Doktrinal dan Non-Doktrinal. CV. Social Politic Genius (SIGn). https://books.google.co.id/books?id=TAQHEAAAQBAJ

Rakia, A. S. R. S., Ali, M., Afoeli, L. M. T., Hidaya, W. A., & Monteiro, S. (2024). Principles of Legal Compliance on the Constitutional Court Decisions Adoption in Legislation. Jurnal Jurisprudence, 14(1), 39-62. https://doi.org/10.23917/jurisprudence.v14i1.3149

Regulation of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia Number 7 of 2025 on Procedures in Judicial Review Cases. https://arsipds.mkri.id/file_ds/mk1012353905250821102651.pdf

Rezah, F. S., & Sapada, A. T. (2023). The Independence and Accountability of the Constitutional Court in the Constitutional System in Indonesia. SIGn Jurnal Hukum, 4(2), 247-260. https://doi.org/10.37276/sjh.v4i2.166

Rezah, F. S., & Sapada, A. T. (2024). Implications of Constitutional Court Decision Number 85/PUU-XX/2022 for the Dispute Resolution of Regional Head Election Results. SIGn Jurnal Hukum, 6(2), 233-246. https://doi.org/10.37276/sjh.v6i2.383

Salia, H. E. (2017). Peran Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam Mewujudkan Negara Hukum yang Demokratis. DIH: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, 13(25), 28-39. https://doi.org/10.30996/dih.v13i25.1546

Sampara, S., & Husen, L. O. (2016). Metode Penelitian Hukum. Kretakupa Print.

Soekanto, S. (2006). Pengantar Penelitian Hukum. UI Press. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=M3b3NAAACAAJ

Suherman, A. (2019). Implementasi Independensi Hakim dalam Pelaksanaan Kekuasaan Kehakiman. SIGn Jurnal Hukum, 1(1), 42-51. https://doi.org/10.37276/sjh.v1i1.29

Sulistyowati, T., Nasef, M. I., & Rido, A. (2020). Constitutional Compliance Atas Putusan Pengujian Undang-Undang di Mahkamah Konstitusi oleh Adressat Putusan. Jurnal Konstitusi, 17(4), 699-728. https://doi.org/10.31078/jk1741

Wasito, W. B., Nuryadi, A., Eddyono, L. W., & Haryadi, D. (2010). Naskah Komprehensif Perubahan Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945: Latar Belakang, Proses, dan Hasil Pembahasan 1999-2002 (Buku VI: Kekuasaan Kehakiman, Edisi Revisi). Sekretariat Jenderal dan Kepaniteraan Mahkamah Konstitusi. https://www.mkri.id/publikasi/naskah-komprehensif

Diterbitkan

2026-03-25

Cara Mengutip

Nawawi, M. R. A., Maharesi, I. A., & Mardhatillah, C. (2026). Finality and Binding Force of Constitutional Court Decisions: An Analysis of Original Intent and Executory Problematics in the Judicial Review of Law. SIGn Jurnal Hukum, 7(2), 1341-1357. https://doi.org/10.37276/sjh.v7i2.654