Procedural Law Dualism in Asset Forfeiture Regime: Conflict of Evidentiary Norms and Judicial Oversight Regarding Human Rights Protection
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37276/sjh.v7i2.625Kata Kunci:
Dualisme Hukum Acara, Hak Asasi Manusia, Korupsi, Perampasan Aset Tanpa Pemidanaan, Praduga Tak BersalahAbstrak
Korupsi sebagai kejahatan luar biasa menuntut instrumen pemulihan aset yang progresif melalui RUU Perampasan Aset, namun rencana pemberlakuannya berpotensi menimbulkan dualisme hukum acara pasca-berlaku efektifnya Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2025. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis disharmoni standar pembuktian, perluasan definisi objek sitaan berbasis kekayaan tidak wajar, serta implikasi pengalihan pengawasan yudisial terhadap eksistensi lembaga praperadilan sebagai garda perlindungan hak asasi manusia. Menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual, teknik analisis dilakukan melalui mekanisme uji keselarasan prospektif yang bersifat kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya antinomi norma yang sangat signifikan, di mana mekanisme beban pembuktian terbalik dalam RUU Perampasan Aset secara diametral bertentangan dengan asas praduga tak bersalah dan sistem pembuktian berdasarkan undang-undang secara negatif (negative wettelijk) sebagaimana diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2025. Selain itu, perluasan kriteria objek perampasan yang mengabaikan batasan koneksitas materiil benda sitaan serta pengalihan mekanisme keberatan kepada internal eksekutif dinilai mendegradasi marwah peradilan dan melanggar prinsip proses hukum yang adil (due process of law). Simpulan penelitian menegaskan bahwa tanpa harmonisasi sistemik yang menempatkan rancangan peraturan yang lebih khusus sebagai subsistem dari peraturan yang lebih umum, pemberlakuan asas lex specialis derogat legi generali akan memicu ketidakpastian hukum yang destruktif. Oleh karena itu, harmonisasi materi muatan terhadap RUU Perampasan Aset agar tunduk pada koridor perlindungan hak asasi manusia dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2025 menjadi syarat mutlak guna mencegah penyalahgunaan celah pengecualian dalam Pasal 367 Undang-Undang tersebut, sekaligus menjamin keseimbangan antara efisiensi pemulihan aset negara dengan perlindungan hak milik warga negara.
Unduhan
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