The Evidentiary Strength of Land Title Certificates in Civil Cases: A Study of Decisions of the Makassar District Court
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37276/sjh.v7i2.558Kata Kunci:
Cacat Administrasi, Itikad Buruk, Kekuatan Pembuktian, Pengadilan Negeri Makassar, Sertifikat Hak MilikAbstrak
Sertifikat hak milik secara normatif didesain sebagai alat pembuktian terkuat, namun eksistensinya kerap kali dianulir melalui putusan pengadilan akibat penerapan sistem publikasi negatif bertendensi positif dalam hukum agraria nasional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dualisme konstruksi hukum kekuatan pembuktian, mengevaluasi relativitasnya dalam praktik sengketa di Pengadilan Negeri Makassar, serta mengkaji implikasi yuridis Pasal 64 Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 18 Tahun 2021 terhadap kepastian hukum. Metode penelitian menerapkan jenis yuridis empiris yang menggabungkan analisis dogmatik peraturan perundang-undangan dengan telaah fakta lapangan melalui wawancara hakim dan penelusuran amar putusan. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan adanya pertentangan dogmatik antara sertifikat sebagai akta otentik yang bernilai “sempurna” menurut KUHPerdata melawan predikat “kuat” menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1960. Temuan empiris di Pengadilan Negeri Makassar mengonfirmasi bahwa kekuatan sertifikat bersifat relatif, di mana benteng perlindungan lembaga rechtsverwerking lima tahun secara konsisten dikesampingkan hakim apabila terbukti adanya unsur itikad buruk atau cacat hukum substansial. Lebih lanjut, implementasi Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 18 Tahun 2021 melahirkan paradigma baru berupa “amnesti administrasi” pasca lima tahun, namun tetap membuka ruang koreksi yudisial bagi sengketa keperdataan. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa kepastian hukum sertifikat saat ini bersifat dikotomis, yakni absolut secara administratif namun terbuka secara yudisial, sehingga merekomendasikan perlunya uji tuntas (due diligence) berlapis dalam setiap peralihan hak untuk menjamin validitas materiil.
Unduhan
Referensi
Amalia, R. N., Rahman, S., & Poernomo, S. L. (2024). Mekanisme Proses Penyelesaian Sengketa bagi Pemegang Hak Atas Tanah yang Bersertipikat Ganda. Journal of Lex Theory (JLT), 5(1), 122-135. Retrieved from https://pasca-umi.ac.id/index.php/jlt/article/view/1640
Andilsim, W., Tan, W., & Jaya, F. (2025). Realizing Legal Certainty in Electronic Land Certificates: A Critical Reflection on Ontario’s Legislative Model for Indonesia. SIGn Jurnal Hukum, 7(2), 821-837. https://doi.org/10.37276/sjh.v7i2.520
Ardiansyah, A., Akbar, M. G. G., & Abas, M. (2025). Evidentiary Strength of Land Ownership Certificates: An Analysis of Judicial Considerations in Supreme Court Decision Number 3762 K/Pdt/2022. SIGn Jurnal Hukum, 7(1), 471-487. https://doi.org/10.37276/sjh.v7i1.463
Brahmana, S. S. W. S., Kusumadewi, A. S., & Wisnuwardhani, D. A. (2025). Legal Consequences of a Statement Letter for the Transfer and Acceptance of Disputed Land Rights. Jurnal Multidisiplin Madani, 5(6), 493-499. https://doi.org/10.55927/mudima.v5i6.356
Cahyadi, A. (2025). Implementation of Land Title Certificate Revocation as a Follow-Up to Court Decisions: A Case Study of Madiun District Court Decision Number 30/Pdt.G/2020/PN.Mad. Yuris: Journal of Court and Justice, 4(3), 68-85. https://doi.org/10.56943/jcj.v4i3.844
Christhopher, M., & Djaja, B. (2026). Legal Status of Duplicate Land Certificates and Mechanisms for Their Resolution under the National Land Law System. Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Kyadiren, 7(2), 1249-1261. https://doi.org/10.46924/jihk.v7i2.386
Colonial Regulations, Staatsblad Number 23 of 1847 on the Burgerlijk Wetboek voor Indonesie/the Civil Code. https://jdih.mahkamahagung.go.id/legal-product/kitab-undang-undang-hukum-perdata/detail
Decision of the District Court of Makassar Number 174/Pdt.G/2018/PN Mks on Thio Lina (Plaintiff) v. Merryana Halim et al. (Defendants). https://putusan3.mahkamahagung.go.id/direktori/putusan/a0552cf8db3e2d27d4198940bfd2f9cf.html
Decision of the District Court of Makassar Number 159/Pdt.G/2021/PN Mks on Fatimah binti Rappung Dg. Gassing et al. (Plaintiffs) v. Muliati Idris et al. (Defendants). https://putusan3.mahkamahagung.go.id/direktori/putusan/zaec3bf1e2a22a44b212323233313031.html
Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 24 of 1997 on Land Registration (State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia of 1997 Number 59, Supplement to the State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 3696). https://peraturan.go.id/id/pp-no-24-tahun-1997
Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 18 of 2021 on Management Rights, Land Rights, Condominium Unit, and Land Registration (State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia of 2021 Number 28, Supplement to the State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 6630). https://peraturan.go.id/id/pp-no-18-tahun-2021
Irwansyah. (2020). Penelitian Hukum: Pilihan Metode & Praktik Penulisan Artikel. Mirra Buana Media.
Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 5 of 1960 on Basic Provisions of Agrarian Principles (State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia of 1960 Number 104, Supplement to the State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 2043). https://www.dpr.go.id/dokumen/jdih/undang-undang/detail/1361
Mahban, M. A., Nawi, S., & Arief, A. (2024). Kedudukan Hukum Surat Pernyataan Penguasaan Tanah (Sporadik) dalam Pembuktian Hukum Perdata. Journal of Lex Philosophy (JLP), 5(2), 1336-1351. Retrieved from https://pasca-umi.ac.id/index.php/jlp/article/view/1917
Maulidiana, A. R., Deni, F., & Wijaya, E. (2025). Implementation of the Media Conversion of Land Certificates to E-certificates by the Land Deed Making Official in South Tangerang City in Support of Agrarian Reform. SIGn Jurnal Hukum, 7(1), 112-132. https://doi.org/10.37276/sjh.v7i1.424
Megawati, S., Rahman, S., & Razak, A. (2022). Penyelesaian Sengketa Tanah Terkait Kepemilikan Hak Atas Tanah di Kecamatan Tamalanrea. Journal of Lex Theory (JLT), 3(2), 116-127. Retrieved from https://pasca-umi.ac.id/index.php/jlt/article/view/1517
Mohamad, A. R., & Djaja, B. (2025). Effectiveness of Legal Protection for Land Rights Certificate Holders against Unlawful Third-Party Claims. Awang Long Law Review, 7(2), 402-409. https://doi.org/10.56301/awl.v7i2.1564
Mustari, S., Nawi, S., & Qahar, A. (2024). Tinjauan Yuridis Terhadap Penyelesaian Sengketa Hak Milik Atas Tanah. Journal of Lex Philosophy (JLP), 5(2), 765-778. https://doi.org/10.52103/jlp.v5i2.1845
Nuraini, L., & Yunanto, Y. (2023). Transfer of Land Rights through Court Decisions: Juridical Implications and Challenges in Implementation. SIGn Jurnal Hukum, 5(1), 32-43. https://doi.org/10.37276/sjh.v5i1.265
Prihatmaka, W., Hasnati, H., & Yetty, Y. (2025). Issuance of Land Title Certificates as Legal Certainty Guarantee for Land Title Holders. Journal Indonesia Law and Policy Review (JILPR), 7(1), 127-150. https://doi.org/10.56371/jirpl.v7i1.471
Putera, N. H., Abbas, I., & Arifin, M. Y. (2022). Pembatalan Sertipikat Hak Atas Tanah Karena Cacat Administrasi Berdasarkan Putusan Pengadilan yang Telah Berkekuatan Hukum Tetap (Incraht). Journal of Lex Generalis (JLG), 3(12), 2006-2024. Retrieved from https://pasca-umi.ac.id/index.php/jlg/article/view/1265
Putri, D. A. M., & Silviana, A. (2022). The Transfer of Land Rights through Oral Grants: A Case Studies of Court Decision. SIGn Jurnal Hukum, 4(1), 99-112. https://doi.org/10.37276/sjh.v4i1.176
Qamar, N., & Rezah, F. S. (2020). Metode Penelitian Hukum: Doktrinal dan Non-Doktrinal. CV. Social Politic Genius (SIGn). https://books.google.co.id/books?id=TAQHEAAAQBAJ
Ramadhani, R. (2021). Pendaftaran Tanah Sebagai Langkah untuk Mendapatkan Kepastian Hukum Terhadap Hak Atas Tanah. Sosek: Jurnal Sosial dan Ekonomi, 2(1), 31-40. Retrieved from https://jurnal.bundamediagrup.co.id/index.php/sosek/article/view/119
Regulation of Minister of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/Head of the National Land Agency of the Republic of Indonesia Number 18 of 2021 on Procedures for the Determination of Management Rights and Rights over Land (Bulletin Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia of 2021 Number 1202). https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/details/209828/permen-agrariakepala-bpn-no-18-tahun-2021
Rere, M. N. E., & Suardi, S. (2025). Legal Protection of Land Ownership in Land Title Certificate Disputes in Hinekombe Village, Sentani District, Jayapura Regency, Papua Province (Decision in Case Number: 31/G/2023/PTUN.Jpr). Humaniorum, 3(2), 52-62. https://doi.org/10.37010/hmr.v3i2.74
Sampara, S., & Husen, L. O. (2016). Metode Penelitian Hukum. Kretakupa Print.
Sihombing, P. R. K., & Widjojo, A. G. M. (2025). Occupation of State Land by Residents in Kampung Baru Harjamukti Depok: A Study of Legal Certainty and Social Justice. SIGn Jurnal Hukum, 7(1), 285-300. https://doi.org/10.37276/sjh.v7i1.438
Syam, M. R. A., & Muzakkir, A. K. (2022). Status and Position of the SHM of Condominium Units after a Fire: Makassar Mall Shopping Center. SIGn Jurnal Hukum, 4(2), 202-220. https://doi.org/10.37276/sjh.v4i2.218
Syam’ani, N. I., & Setiawan, I. K. O. (2025). Denial of an Application for Annulment of a Deed of Sale Due to Subjective Defect: A Case Study of Decision Number 32/Pdt.G/2019/PN Kpn. SIGn Jurnal Hukum, 7(1), 18-34. https://doi.org/10.37276/sjh.v7i1.419
Trayama, Y., & Adhari, A. (2025). Evidence of Authentic Deeds in Civil Disputes Related to Nominee Agreements on Ownership of Land Title Certificates. Jurisprudensi: Jurnal Ilmu Syariah, Perundang-Undangan dan Ekonomi Islam, 17(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.32505/jurisprudensi.v17i1.10550
Wijaya, L. K., Rahma, N. N., & Ghifari, T. A. (2025). The Dialectic of Agrarian Justice: A Jurisprudential Analysis of Unlawful Acts in Land Disputes from the District Court to Judicial Review. SIGn Jurnal Hukum, 7(2), 727-748. https://doi.org/10.37276/sjh.v7i2.516
