The Legal Policy of Decentralization in Strategic Natural Resource Management: Acceleration of Local Government Independence Pursuant to the Rule of Law Principle

Penulis

  • Sulaiman Sulaiman Universitas Borneo Tarakan, Indonesia
  • Mastura Mastura Universitas Islam DDI A.G.H. Abdurrahman Ambo Dalle, Indonesia
  • Mumaddadah Mumaddadah Universitas Borneo Tarakan, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37276/sjh.v7i2.587

Kata Kunci:

Desentralisasi, Kemandirian Daerah, Pemerintahan Konkuren, Politik Hukum, Sumber Daya Alam

Abstrak

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh munculnya anomali konstitusional berupa gejala resentralisasi kewenangan pengelolaan sumber daya alam strategis yang mencederai prinsip otonomi daerah sebagaimana diamanatkan oleh Pasal 18 UUD NRI Tahun 1945. Meskipun Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2014 telah mengatur pembagian urusan pemerintahan konkuren, pemberlakuan regulasi sektoral terbaru seperti Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2023 dan Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2025 justru menarik kembali otoritas perizinan dan pengelolaan fiskal ke pemerintah pusat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merumuskan model transformasi tata kelola sumber daya alam yang mengintegrasikan kemandirian pemerintah daerah dengan prinsip kepastian hukum nasional pada sektor kehutanan, mineral dan batu bara, minyak bumi dan gas bumi, panas bumi, serta perikanan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan kasus, yang dianalisis secara kualitatif-preskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya disharmoni norma yang sistematis dan hambatan fiskal akibat intervensi pusat, seperti kebijakan royalti 0%, yang secara signifikan mereduksi kapasitas fiskal serta otoritas administratif daerah. Simpulan penelitian menegaskan bahwa akselerasi kemandirian daerah memerlukan rekonstruksi politik hukum melalui instrumentasi prinsip FPIC sebagai sarana sinkronisasi hak guna menjamin kepastian hukum nasional dan stabilitas investasi di daerah. Implikasi penelitian ini menuntut adanya harmonisasi regulasi sektoral yang menghormati kewenangan atributif daerah serta penguatan fungsi pengawasan legislatif guna mewujudkan tata kelola sumber daya alam yang akuntabel dalam bingkai Negara Hukum yang berkeadilan.

Unduhan

Data unduhan tidak tersedia.

Referensi

The 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. https://www.dpr.go.id/dokumen/jdih/undang-undang-dasar

Arsyad, M., Koeswahyono, I., & Qurbani, I. D. (2025). Reformulating Conservation Policies for Indigenous Peoples in Indonesia. International Journal of Islamic Education, Research and Multiculturalism (IJIERM), 7(2), 829-847. https://doi.org/10.47006/ijierm.v7i2.489

Bachmid, F. (2022). Legal Standing of the Papua People’s Assembly and Ratio Decidendi of the Constitutional Court: A Study of Court Decision. SIGn Jurnal Hukum, 3(2), 187-200. https://doi.org/10.37276/sjh.v3i2.225

Baidhowah, A. R. (2022). Explaining Decentralization Performance in Indonesia: Member of Parliament Decision, Political Networks, and Constitution Amendment. Jurnal Bina Praja, 14(1), 97-109. https://doi.org/10.21787/jbp.14.2022.97-109

Decision of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia Number 35/PUU-X/2012 on the Review of Law Number 41 of 1999. https://tracking.mkri.id/index.php?page=web.TrackPerkara&id=35/PUU-X/2012

Farida, N., Suman, A., & Sakti, R. K. (2021). Fiscal Decentralization, Economic Growth and Regional Development Inequality in Eastern Indonesia. Journal of Indonesian Applied Economics, 9(2), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jiae.009.02.1

Government Regulation in Lieu of Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 2 of 2014 on Amendment to Law Number 23 of 2014 on Local Government (State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia of 2014 Number 246, Supplement to the State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 5589). https://peraturan.go.id/id/perppu-no-2-tahun-2014

Government Regulation in Lieu of Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 2 of 2022 on Job Creation (State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia of 2022 Number 238, Supplement to the State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 6841). https://peraturan.go.id/id/perppu-no-2-tahun-2022

Hakim, L., Melati, Q. H., & Negara, P. D. (2025). Integrating Adat Law in Indonesia: Challenges and Opportunities in a Centralized Legal Framework. Indonesian State Law Review (ISLRev), 8(1), 58-82. Retrieved from https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/islrev/article/view/19628

Helandri, J., Efendi, R., Giyanti, R. S., Susanto, B., Agustiani, S. A., & Agustiana, S. A. (2025). Efektivitas Penerapan Prinsip Negara Hukum dalam Kebijakan Desentralisasi di Indonesia. Hutanasyah: Jurnal Hukum Tata Negara, 4(1), 101-120. https://doi.org/10.37092/hutanasyah.v4i1.1299

Irwansyah. (2020). Penelitian Hukum: Pilihan Metode & Praktik Penulisan Artikel. Mirra Buana Media.

Kamal, M. (2019). Hubungan Pemerintahan Daerah dalam Mengelola Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) Berdasarkan Undang-Undang 23 Tahun 2014. SIGn Jurnal Hukum, 1(1), 18-28. https://doi.org/10.37276/sjh.v1i1.32

Kusniati, R. (2024). Free, Prior, and Informed Consent Principles as Indigenous Peoples’ Right: Soft Law or Hard Law? Jambe Law Journal, 7(1), 169-193. https://doi.org/10.22437/home.v7i1.350

Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 4 of 2009 on Mineral and Coal Mining (State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia of 2009 Number 4, Supplement to the State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 4959). https://www.dpr.go.id/dokumen/jdih/undang-undang/detail/520

Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 23 of 2014 on Local Government (State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia of 2014 Number 244, Supplement to the State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 5587). https://www.dpr.go.id/dokumen/jdih/undang-undang/detail/1605

Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 2 of 2015 on Enactment of Government Regulation in Lieu of Law Number 2 of 2014 on Amendment to Law Number 23 of 2014 on Local Government Into Law (State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia of 2015 Number 24, Supplement to the State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 5657). https://www.dpr.go.id/dokumen/jdih/undang-undang/detail/1626

Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 9 of 2015 on the Second Amendment to Law Number 23 of 2014 on Local Government (State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia of 2015 Number 58, Supplement to the State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 5679). https://www.dpr.go.id/dokumen/jdih/undang-undang/detail/1628

Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 3 of 2020 on Amendment to Law Number 4 of 2009 on Mineral and Coal Mining (State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia of 2020 Number 147, Supplement to the State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 6525). https://www.dpr.go.id/dokumen/jdih/undang-undang/detail/1763

Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 1 of 2022 on Financial Relationships between the Central Government and Local Governments (State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia of 2022 Number 4, Supplement to the State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 6757). https://www.dpr.go.id/dokumen/jdih/undang-undang/detail/1789

Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 6 of 2023 on Enactment of Government Regulation in Lieu of Law Number 2 of 2022 on Job Creation Into Law (State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia of 2023 Number 41, Supplement to the State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 6856). https://www.dpr.go.id/dokumen/jdih/undang-undang/detail/1825

Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 2 of 2025 on the Fourth Amendment to Law Number 4 of 2009 on Mineral and Coal Mining (State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia of 2025 Number 29, Supplement to the State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 7100). https://www.dpr.go.id/dokumen/jdih/undang-undang/detail/1996

Lewis, B. D. (2023). Indonesia’s New Fiscal Decentralisation Law: A Critical Assessment. Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, 59(1), 1-28. https://doi.org/10.1080/00074918.2023.2180838

Nathan, L., Aswar, K., Jumansyah‎, J., Mulyani, S., Hardi‎, H., & Nasir, A. (2022). The Moderating Role of Natural Resources Between Fiscal Decentralization, Government Internal Audit, Law Enforcement and Corruption: Evidence from Indonesian Local Government. Contemporary Economics, 16(4), 397-409. https://doi.org/10.5709/ce.1897-9254.490

Nggilu, N., Kasim, R., Noviawati, E., Sahabat, A. I., & Tampubolon, M. H. R. (2025). Can Crowdsourcing Revolutionize Constitutional Amendments in Indonesia? A Comparative Study of International Experiences. Indonesian State Law Review (ISLRev), 8(1), 37-57. Retrieved from https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/islrev/article/view/20618

Pade, S. R. L., & Rasdianah, R. (2025). Village Fund Pathology and Supervisory Dysfunction: A Legal Analysis in Boalemo Regency. SIGn Jurnal Hukum, 7(2), 614-626. https://doi.org/10.37276/sjh.v7i2.486

Pohan, C. R., Sugiarto, L., Hidayat, A., & Martitah, M. (2025). The Paradox of Mineral Downstreaming: An Economic Analysis of Mining Regulatory Disharmony in Indonesia. SIGn Jurnal Hukum, 7(1), 519-543. https://doi.org/10.37276/sjh.v7i1.465

Prasetyo, N. D., Fadli, M., Anshari, S. N. T., & Safa’at, M. A. (2021). The Politics of Indonesia’s Decentralization Law Based on Regional Competency. Brawijaya Law Journal, 8(2), 159-184. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.blj.2021.008.02.01

Qamar, N., & Rezah, F. S. (2020). Metode Penelitian Hukum: Doktrinal dan Non-Doktrinal. CV. Social Politic Genius (SIGn). https://books.google.co.id/books?id=TAQHEAAAQBAJ

Qamar, N., & Rezah, F. S. (2022). The Dichotomy of Approach in the Study of Legal Science: A Critical Review. SIGn Jurnal Hukum, 4(2), 191-201. https://doi.org/10.37276/sjh.v4i2.162

Ramadhan, R., Daulay, M. H., & Disyacitta, F. (2022). Reviewing the Prospects of Forest Decentralization in Indonesia after the Omnibus Law. International Forestry Review, 24(1), 59-71. https://doi.org/10.1505/146554822835224793

Sampara, S., & Husen, L. O. (2016). Metode Penelitian Hukum. Kretakupa Print.

Simatupang, M. T., Bantara, F., Tarigan, M. T., Nicholine, N., & Behuku, R. D. P. (2025). Local Economic Empowerment in Bencongan Indah Urban Village, Tangerang Regency: A Plastic Waste-to-Paving Block Management Enterprise. SIGn Jurnal Hukum, 7(1), 173-187. https://doi.org/10.37276/sjh.v7i1.420

Sudarsono, S., Kamal, M., & Razak, A. (2024). Oversight Function of the Regional House of Representatives over Regional Budget Utilization in Mamuju Regency. SIGn Jurnal Hukum, 6(2), 17-39. https://doi.org/10.37276/sjh.v6i2.364

Sugianto, S., Tarmudi, T., Bustomi, A. R., Sugianto, D. A., & Juniawan, F. Z. (2025). Politik Hukum dalam Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Alam: Antara Kepentingan Negara dan Hak Masyarakat Adat. Hutanasyah: Jurnal Hukum Tata Negara, 4(1), 89-100. https://doi.org/10.37092/hutanasyah.v4i1.1191

Tinambunan, H. S. R., Istislam, I., Hadiyantina, S., Kusumaningrum, A., & Tajudin, A. A. (2022). Recentralization of Mining Licensing Authority and Its Impact on Local Autonomy in Indonesia. Jurnal Suara Hukum, 7(2), 520-539. https://doi.org/10.26740/jsh.v7n2.p520-539

Wardani, R. S. R. (2023). Regional Representative Council in the Indonesian State Governance System: A Study of the Bicameral System. SIGn Jurnal Hukum, 5(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.37276/sjh.v5i1.228

Diterbitkan

2025-12-29

Cara Mengutip

Sulaiman, S., Mastura, M., & Mumaddadah, M. (2025). The Legal Policy of Decentralization in Strategic Natural Resource Management: Acceleration of Local Government Independence Pursuant to the Rule of Law Principle. SIGn Jurnal Hukum, 7(2), 992-1006. https://doi.org/10.37276/sjh.v7i2.587