Measuring Judicial Accountability in the Algorithmic Era: Juridical Implications of Using Judicial Assistants and Black Box Risks in Constructing Judgment Arguments

Penulis

  • Asbudi Dwi Saputra Universitas Hasanuddin, Indonesia
  • Hartono Tasir Irwanto Universitas Hasanuddin, Indonesia
  • Nurisnah Nurisnah Universitas Hasanuddin, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37276/sjh.v7i2.570

Kata Kunci:

Black Box, Kebijaksanaan Yudisial, Kecerdasan Buatan, Keputusan Beralasan, Pertanggungjawaban Hakim

Abstrak

Meskipun Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia telah mengadopsi teknologi Artificial Intelligence untuk fungsi administratif, peluang penggunaan Artificial Intelligence sebagai Judicial Assistant dalam penyusunan argumen putusan memicu kekhawatiran dogmatik serius. Kekhawatiran tersebut berkaitan dengan degradasi penalaran hukum manusia di tengah kekosongan norma (rechtsvacuüm) nasional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendekonstruksi konsep pertanggungjawaban hakim yang gagal menjangkau kesalahan algoritma. Selain itu, penelitian ini menguji validitas putusan berbasis black box vis-à-vis prinsip keputusan beralasan dalam UU Nomor 8 Tahun 1981, serta merumuskan model regulasi preventif. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis-normatif dan pendekatan perbandingan hukum terhadap kerangka regulasi Uni Eropa, Amerika Serikat, dan Tiongkok, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa doktrin hukum konvensional menghadapi kesenjangan pertanggungjawaban akibat perilaku otonom Artificial Intelligence yang tak terduga. Analisis menunjukkan bahwa ketergantungan pada algoritma yang berkarakter opaque—seperti yang terbukti bias dalam kasus COMPAS di Amerika Serikat—secara fundamental melanggar hak terdakwa atas penjelasan. Hal ini berpotensi memicu the death of standards. Dalam kondisi ini, diskresi hakim digantikan oleh kekakuan mikro-direktif mesin. Lebih jauh, praktik pelepasan tanggung jawab oleh hakim demi efisiensi administratif mengancam independensi dan kebijaksanaan yudisial. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan urgensi adopsi model regulasi hibrida yang mengintegrasikan efisiensi teknis dengan prinsip User Control yang ketat dari European Ethical Charter. Hal ini guna memastikan teknologi tetap menjadi pelayan keadilan yang diawasi manusia, bukan tuan yang mendikte putusan.

Unduhan

Data unduhan tidak tersedia.

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Diterbitkan

2025-12-12

Cara Mengutip

Saputra, A. D., Irwanto, H. T., & Nurisnah, N. (2025). Measuring Judicial Accountability in the Algorithmic Era: Juridical Implications of Using Judicial Assistants and Black Box Risks in Constructing Judgment Arguments. SIGn Jurnal Hukum, 7(2), 958-973. https://doi.org/10.37276/sjh.v7i2.570

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