Reconstruction of Trade Secret Clauses in F&B Franchises: Mitigating Loss Aversion through a Risk Allocation Approach
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37276/sjh.v7i2.537Kata Kunci:
Alokasi Risiko, Aversi Kerugian, Perjanjian Waralaba, Rahasia Dagang, Teori ProspekAbstrak
Sektor waralaba Makanan dan Minuman di Indonesia menghadapi paradoks yuridis. Upaya perlindungan rahasia dagang yang agresif justru bermuara pada kegagalan penegakan hukum secara sistemik di pengadilan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membedah akar penyebab kegagalan pembuktian unsur “upaya sebagaimana mestinya” dalam sengketa waralaba, serta merumuskan model klausul operasional yang proporsional dan memiliki daya eksekusi. Melalui metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan interdisipliner, penelitian ini mengintegrasikan Teori Kepastian Hukum, Teori Prospek dari ekonomi perilaku, dan Teori Alokasi Risiko sebagai pisau analisis diagnostik, evaluatif, dan preskriptif. Temuan penelitian mengungkap bahwa klausul perlindungan yang ambigu dan berat sebelah bukan sekadar kesalahan administratif. Hal tersebut merupakan manifestasi dari bias penghindaran atau aversi kerugian irasional dari pemberi waralaba. Ketakutan berlebihan akan kehilangan aset vital mendorong terciptanya kontrak eksesif yang melanggar asas itikad baik dan gagal memenuhi syarat objektif perjanjian. Kondisi ini secara fatal melemahkan validitas pembuktian digital di bawah rezim UU Nomor 11 Tahun 2008. Sebagai solusi preskriptif, penelitian merekomendasikan rekonstruksi fundamental instrumen kontraktual yang beralih dari paradigma aversi kerugian menuju Teori Alokasi Risiko yang berkeadilan. Model klausul operasional yang diusulkan mencakup definisi objek rahasia yang limitatif, kewajiban kerahasiaan berjenjang, mekanisme peringatan dan perbaikan, serta pembatasan klausul non-kompetisi yang wajar secara waktu dan wilayah. Rekonstruksi ini bertujuan untuk menjamin kepastian hukum yang efektif serta keberlanjutan ekosistem bisnis waralaba nasional.
Unduhan
Referensi
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