Denial of an Application for Annulment of a Deed of Sale Due to Subjective Defect: A Case Study of Decision Number 32/Pdt.G/2019/PN Kpn
Abstract
Disputes concerning the validity of a deed of sale due to alleged subjective requirement defects constitute a significant problem within agrarian and contract law. This research aims to analyze the legal reasoning (ratio decidendi) of the Panel of Judges in Decision Number 32/Pdt.G/2019/PN Kpn, which denied the application for the annulment of Deed of Sale Number 302/Kec.Bululawang/1993, despite allegations of a subjective defect arising from the seller having passed away before the deed was executed. Employing a normative legal research method integrating case study, statute, and conceptual approaches, a qualitative analysis was conducted on the said decision. The analysis results indicate that the Panel of Judges’ denial was not based on a direct examination of the Deed of Sale Number 302/Kec.Bululawang/1993 due to the subjective defect under Article 1320 of the Civil Code. Instead, the dominant ratio decidendi rested upon the validation of the Sale Agreement under seal dated 5 July 1983 and the application of the doctrines of prescription and rechtsverwerking resulting from over 30 years of good faith physical possession. It is concluded that Decision Number 32/Pdt.G/2019/PN Kpn affirmed Defendant 1’s ownership through the mechanism of lapse of time while prioritizing pragmatic legal certainty, although leaving juridical ambiguity regarding the status of Deed of Sale Number 302/Kec.Bululawang/1993 indicates a judicial tendency to prioritize the substance of long-term possession over formal defects in deeds within belatedly filed disputes.
Downloads
References
Ardhita, B. C. K., & Yunanto, Y. (2023). Juridical Analysis of the Implementation of Notary Public’s Authority in Making Deeds Related to the Land Sector. SIGn Jurnal Hukum, 5(2), 312-323. https://doi.org/10.37276/sjh.v5i2.298
Ayudiatri, S., & Cahyono, A. B. (2022). The Legality of Grants by Foreign Citizens on Land Objects in Indonesia: Case Studies of Court Decisions. SIGn Jurnal Hukum, 4(1), 30-45. https://doi.org/10.37276/sjh.v4i1.131
Budify, A., Manurung, J. A. L., & Harianja, S. B. (2020). Pembatalan Akta Hibah di Pengadilan Negeri Pematangsiantar: Kajian Putusan Nomor 33/Pdt.G/2019/PN.Pms. SIGn Jurnal Hukum, 2(1), 72-85. https://doi.org/10.37276/sjh.v2i1.77
Colonial Regulations, Staatsblad Number 23 of 1847 on the Burgerlijk Wetboek voor Indonesie/the Civil Code. https://jdih.mahkamahagung.go.id/legal-product/kitab-undang-undang-hukum-perdata/detail
Decision of the District Court of Kepanjen Number 32/Pdt.G/2019/PN Kpn on Awiyah, Satuma, Jumaiyah, and Suro v. Yasur, Camat Bululawang, Kepala Desa Sudimoro, and Badan Pertanahan Nasional Kabupaten Malang. https://putusan3.mahkamahagung.go.id/direktori/putusan/zaebf4d5a71449208282313034303033.html
Disemadi, H. S., & Lau, S. (2021). Bezitter yang Beritikad Baik dalam Memperoleh Hak Milik Atas Tanah Melalui Acquisitive Verjaring. Jatiswara, 36(2), 193-204. https://doi.org/10.29303/jtsw.v36i2.307
Duhriah, D., Yati, F., Asmadia, T., Rahmat, A., Muslim, M., & Baharuddin, A. S. (2024). Institutionalization of Islam and Adat: The Legal System of Hak Langgeih in Aceh. Juris (Jurnal Ilmiah Syariah), 23(1), 41-53. https://doi.org/10.31958/juris.v23i1.7482
Ginting, B. K., Musakkir, M., & Nur, S. S. (2022). Buying and Selling of Ulayat Land Jointly Owned by Several Tribes in Jayapura City. Journal of Social Science, 3(3), 469-482. https://doi.org/10.46799/jss.v3i3.345
Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 24 of 1997 on Land Registration (State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia of 1997 Number 59, Supplement to the State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 3696). https://peraturan.go.id/id/pp-no-24-tahun-1997
Hadi, H. H., & Safiulloh, S. (2022). Pembatalan oleh Hakim Terhadap Akta Jual Beli yang Dibuat Berdasarkan Penipuan (Bedrog). Jurnal Res Justitia: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, 2(2), 406-433. https://doi.org/10.46306/rj.v2i2.43
Hakim, L. (2023). Pembuktian Gugatan Sederhana terhadap Putusan Niet Onvankelijk Verlaard Ditinjau dalam Asas Actori Incumbit Onus Probatio: (Studi Kasus Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Muara Bungo Nomor: 26/Pdt.GS/2020/PN. Mrb). Jurnal Hukum Lex Generalis, 4(4), 305-322. https://doi.org/10.56370/jhlg.v4i4.373
Hamzah, Y. A., & Mangarengi, A. A. (2023). The Authority of PPAT in Making AJB Related to Heritage Land Owned by a Minor. SIGn Jurnal Hukum, 4(2), 364-375. https://doi.org/10.37276/sjh.v4i2.253
Irwansyah. (2020). Penelitian Hukum: Pilihan Metode & Praktik Penulisan Artikel. Mirra Buana Media.
Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 5 of 1960 on Basic Provisions of Agrarian Principles (State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia of 1960 Number 104, Supplement to the State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 2043). https://www.dpr.go.id/dokumen/jdih/undang-undang/detail/1361
Lestari, P. (2020). Pengadaan Tanah untuk Pembangunan demi Kepentingan Umum di Indonesia Berdasarkan Pancasila. SIGn Jurnal Hukum, 1(2), 71-86. https://doi.org/10.37276/sjh.v1i2.54
Luthfiyah, N., & Marpaung, N. (2023). Akibat Hukum Pembatalan Akta Jual Beli Tanah (Studi Kasus Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 179 K/Pdt/G/2013). Notary Journal, 3(1), 33-48. https://doi.org/10.19166/nj.v3i1.6317
Nuraini, L., & Yunanto, Y. (2023). Transfer of Land Rights through Court Decisions: Juridical Implications and Challenges in Implementation. SIGn Jurnal Hukum, 5(1), 32-43. https://doi.org/10.37276/sjh.v5i1.265
Putri, D. A. M., & Silviana, A. (2022). The Transfer of Land Rights through Oral Grants: A Case Studies of Court Decision. SIGn Jurnal Hukum, 4(1), 99-112. https://doi.org/10.37276/sjh.v4i1.176
Qamar, N., & Rezah, F. S. (2020). Metode Penelitian Hukum: Doktrinal dan Non-Doktrinal. CV. Social Politic Genius (SIGn).
Sampara, S., & Husen, L. O. (2016). Metode Penelitian Hukum. Kretakupa Print.
Setiawan, I. K. O. (2015). Hukum Perikatan. Sinar Grafika.
Syam, M. R. A., & Muzakkir, A. K. (2022). Status and Position of the SHM of Condominium Units after a Fire: Makassar Mall Shopping Center. SIGn Jurnal Hukum, 4(2), 202-220. https://doi.org/10.37276/sjh.v4i2.218
Zainuddin, Z. (2022). The Legal Due Diligence of Land Acquisition for the Public Interest: A Critical Review. SIGn Jurnal Hukum, 4(1), 46-57. https://doi.org/10.37276/sjh.v4i1.159
Copyright (c) 2025 Nessa Isabela Syam’ani, I Ketut Oka Setiawan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
