Legal Protection for Victims of Medical Malpractice during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Study on Legislation
Abstract
This study examines the forms of legal protection available for victims of medical malpractice. This study uses normative legal research with a statute approach. The collected legal material is then qualitatively analyzed to describe the problem and answer the study objectives. The results show that the complexity of health service provision during the COVID-19 pandemic increases the risk of errors and medical malpractice. The Government has established a series of legal protections, including civil, criminal, and administrative, to facilitate victims of medical malpractice claim their rights. Civil legal protection ensures patients’ rights to seek compensation through out-of-court dispute resolution, such as negotiation, mediation, and arbitration. Meanwhile, criminal legal protection regulated punishments such as imprisonment or a fine for doctors proven guilty of medical malpractice. On the other hand, administrative legal protection provides a complaint mechanism for patients, ensuring that the Government and Honorary Council will impose administrative sanctions on doctors proven guilty of medical malpractice. Therefore, it is recommended that the Government continue strengthening and enhancing public awareness regarding patients’ rights and the available legal protection mechanisms, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. This role is crucial for empowering the community to protect themselves from potential medical malpractice. Furthermore, healthcare personnel should be given maximum support through adequate facilities and equipment provision, as well as capacity enhancement through ongoing training and education, to enable them to provide optimal health services in the face of this pandemic challenge. In addition, there needs to be a strengthening of the monitoring system and legislation to prevent and effectively handle medical malpractice cases.
Downloads
References
Asmah, A., Wardani, D. E. K., & Raodiah, R. (2022). Large-Scale Social Restrictions and National Economic Recovery during the Covid-19 Pandemic: Laws and Regulations Implementation Strategy. SIGn Jurnal Hukum, 3(2), 121-134. https://doi.org/10.37276/sjh.v3i2.158
Azad, G. K. (2021). The Molecular Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Phosphoprotein Variants among Indian Isolates. Heliyon, 7(2), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06167
Busthami, D. S. (2022). The Principles of Good Legislation Forming: A Critical Review. SIGn Jurnal Hukum, 4(2), 308-319. https://doi.org/10.37276/sjh.v4i2.223
Christianto, H., & Dewi, E. D. A. M. (2022). Act of Revealing Identity of Patient Confirmed Covid-19 by Hospitals Based on Human Rights and Criminal Law Perspectives. Jurnal Penelitian HAM, 13(1), 131-150. http://dx.doi.org/10.30641/ham.2022.13.131-150
Farasonalia, R., & Khairina, K. (2021, January 28). RS di Semarang Dilaporkan Atas Dugaan Malpraktik, Keluarga Pertanyakan Penyakit Pasien hingga Meninggal. Kompas. Retrieved August 18, 2023, from https://regional.kompas.com/read/2021/01/28/19464081/rs-di-semarang-dilaporkan-atas-dugaan-malpraktik-keluarga-pertanyakan
Government Regulation in Lieu of Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 2 of 2022 on Job Creation (State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia of 2022 Number 238, Supplement to the State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 6841). https://peraturan.go.id/id/perppu-no-2-tahun-2022
Hastuti, N., & Djanah, S. N. (2020). Studi Tinjauan Pustaka: Penularan dan Pencegahan Penyebaran Covid-19. An-Nadaa: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat, 7(2), 70-76. http://dx.doi.org/10.31602/ann.v7i2.2984
Hidayat, A. R., Sugiartha, I. N. G., & Widyantara, I. M. M. (2021). Pertanggungjawaban Pidana terhadap Dokter yang Melakukan Malpraktek dalam Memberikan Pelayanan Kesehatan di Tengah Pandemi Covid 19. Jurnal Konstruksi Hukum, 2(2), 309-314. https://doi.org/10.22225/jkh.2.2.3228.309-314
Ingram, M., Zahabian, A., & Hur, C. (2021). Prediction of COVID-19 Social Distancing Adherence (SoDA) on the United States County-Level. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 8(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-021-00767-0
Kartikawati, D. R. (2021). Tanggung Jawab Rumah Sakit terhadap Pemenuhan Hak Pasien pada Masa Pandemi COVID-19. Indonesia Law Reform Journal, 1(3), 318-335. https://doi.org/10.22219/ilrej.v1i3.18223
Koto, I., & Asmadi, E. (2021). Pertanggungjawaban Hukum terhadap Tindakan Malpraktik Tenaga Medis di Rumah Sakit. Volksgeist: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum dan Konstitusi, 4(2), 181-192. https://doi.org/10.24090/volksgeist.v4i2.5372
Kurniawan, A. L., & Setiawan, A. (2021). Perlindungan Data Rekam Medis sebagai Bentuk Perlindungan Data Pribadi Pasien Selama Pandemi Covid-19. Jurnal Hukum dan Pembangunan Ekonomi, 9(1), 95-112. https://doi.org/10.20961/hpe.v9i1.52586
Lai, C.-C., Shih, T.-P., Ko, W.-C., Tang, H.-J., & Hsueh, P.-R. (2020). Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19): The Epidemic and the Challenges. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 55(3), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105924
Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 29 of 2004 on Medical Practice (State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia of 2004 Number 116, Supplement to the State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 4431). https://www.dpr.go.id/jdih/index/id/30
Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 24 of 2007 on Disaster Management (State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia of 2007 Number 66, Supplement to the State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 4723). https://www.dpr.go.id/jdih/index/id/103
Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 36 of 2009 on Health (State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia of 2009 Number 144, Supplement to the State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 5063). https://www.dpr.go.id/jdih/index/id/571
Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 36 of 2014 on Healthcare Personnel (State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia of 2014 Number 298, Supplement to the State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 5607). https://www.dpr.go.id/jdih/index/id/1618
Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 6 of 2018 on Health Quarantine (State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia of 2018 Number 128, Supplement to the State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 6236). https://www.dpr.go.id/jdih/index/id/1713
Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 6 of 2023 on Enactment of Government Regulation In Lieu of Law Number 2 of 2022 on Job Creation Into Law (State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia of 2023 Number 41, Supplement to the State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 6856). https://www.dpr.go.id/jdih/index/id/1825
Nasution, U. P. (2020). Efektivitas Mediasi dalam Penyelesaian Sengketa Medis (Studi Lapangan Rumah Sakit PKU Muhammadiyah Gamping Sleman). Widya Pranata Hukum: Jurnal Kajian dan Penelitian Hukum, 2(2), 91-108. https://doi.org/10.37631/widyapranata.v2i2.263
Prananda, R. R. (2020). Batasan Hukum Keterbukaan Data Medis Pasien Pengidap Covid-19: Perlindungan Privasi VS Transparansi Informasi Publik. Law, Development and Justice Review, 3(1), 142-168. https://doi.org/10.14710/ldjr.v3i1.8000
Qamar, N., & Rezah, F. S. (2020). Metode Penelitian Hukum: Doktrinal dan Non-Doktrinal. CV. Social Politic Genius (SIGn).
Rajumi, A., Liyus, H., & Siregar, E. (2022). Perlindungan Hukum bagi Korban Malapraktik Dokter dalam Perspektif Hukum Pidana. Pampas: Journal of Criminal Law, 3(3), 296-309. https://doi.org/10.22437/pampas.v3i3.23584
Rakia, A. S. R. S. (2021). Perkembangan dan Urgensi Instrumen Hukum Administrasi Pasca Penetapan Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2020 pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19. SIGn Jurnal Hukum, 2(2), 157-173. https://doi.org/10.37276/sjh.v2i2.106
Sampara, S., & Husen, L. O. (2016). Metode Penelitian Hukum. Kretakupa Print.
Santoso, A. P. A., Sukendar, S., Sumirat, A. G., & Pratiwi, D. A. (2022). Pemasangan Infus oleh Perawat Homecare di Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Ditinjau dari Pendekatan Good Samaritan Law dan Sosiological Yurisprudence. Duta Abdimas: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat, 1(1), 33-38. https://doi.org/10.47701/abdimas.v1i1.1586
Soge, A. D. (2019). Tinjauan Penanganan Kasus Malpraktek Medis di Pengadilan Pidana dalam Perspektif Hukum Kesehatan. Justitia et Pax, 35(1), 81-100. https://doi.org/10.24002/jep.v35i1.2467
Suryatama, I. (2021). Patient Legal Protection and Balance Principle. Soepra: Jurnal Hukum Kesehatan, 6(2), 232-250. https://doi.org/10.24167/shk.v6i2.1632
Susila, M. E., & Soularto, D. S. (2016). Implikasi Sosio Yuridis Tuntutan Pidana terhadap Dokter Terkait Dugaan Malpraktik Medik. Jurnal Ilmiah Dunia Hukum, 1(1), 61-71. https://doi.org/10.35973/jidh.v1i1.607
Weinberg, H. (2020). Online Group Psychotherapy: Challenges and Possibilities during COVID-19-A Practice Review. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 24(3), 201-211. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/gdn0000140
Copyright (c) 2023 Hasbuddin Khalid

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.